Geography 101 Exam 2

Front 1

Troposphere

Back 1

-Extends 12-15 km
-Layer in the atmosphere in contact with the surface
-Temp decreases with height, heated from below
-contains all weather, clouds
-80% of mass of atmosphere

Front 2

Pauses

Back 2

Isothermal sections above spheres

Front 3

Stratosphere

Back 3

-extends to 50 km in height
-layer above troposphere
-temp increases with height because of absorption of ultraviolet light by ozone (inversion)
-stable air layer

Front 4

Mesosphere

Back 4

-extends 80km in height
-layer above stratosphere
-temp decreases with height because of lack of contact with ground, lack of ozone

Front 5

Thermosphere

Back 5

-layer above mesosphere
-temp increases with height because of energy from gamma and x-ray absorption due to the earth's magnetic field
-density of air is very thin, holds little heat
-drifts off to nothingness above 120km

Front 6

Mixed Layer

Back 6

-Warm, surface layer stirred by winds
-50-75 meters thick, relatively isothermal

Front 7

Thermocline

Back 7

Transitional layer where there is a decrease in water temperature with depth

Front 8

Deep Water

Back 8

Cold, deep isothermal layer. 4 degrees C

Front 9

Halocline and Pychnocline

Back 9

transitional layers, depth highly dependent on latitude

Front 10

Specific Heat

Back 10

amount of energy required to raise one gram of a substnace one degree C

Front 11

Turbulent mixing

Back 11

warm bubbles of air rise and are replaced by colder air from aloft

Front 12

Isotherm

Back 12

Line of constant air temperature

Front 13

Rayleigh Scattering

Back 13

-omnidirectional scattering by gas molecules smaller than the radiation wavelength.
-Blue light is scattered by an order of magnitude greater than red light

Front 14

Mie Scattering

Back 14

-Forward scattered by aerosols with similar sizes to the radiation wavelength
-all light is scattered equally- gray haze

Front 15

Barometer

Back 15

istrument that measures atmospheric pressure

Front 16

Mercurial Barometer

Back 16

Measures atmospheric pressure as an equivalent weight of a column of mercury

Front 17

Aneroid Barometer

Back 17

uses pressure exerted against at a partial vacuum to measure air pressure

Front 18

Pressure Gradient

Back 18

variation in atmospheric pressure from one place to another

Front 19

Pressure Gradient Force

Back 19

acts in a direction from higher to lower pressure

Front 20

Isobars

Back 20

Lines of constant pressure

Front 21

Sea Breeze

Back 21

Air is forced to flow onshore

Front 22

LAnd Breeze

Back 22

Aire is forced to flow offshore

Front 23

Coriolis Force

Back 23

apparent force caused by the rotation of the earth. Causes objects to be deflected to the right of their path of motion in the NH and left in the SH

Front 24

Friction

Back 24

a drag force that inhibits forward movement

Front 25

Cyclone

Back 25

Isolated low pressure system

Front 26

Anticyclone

Back 26

Isolated high pressure system

Front 27

Gyres

Back 27

Oceans flow in a circular motion