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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a census metropolitan area (CMA)? |
Grouping of senses subdivisions comprising the urban core, urban fringes, and rule fringes (accord area and neighbouring municipalities) |
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How many people must live in a census metropolitan area? |
Must have 100,000 people, and 50,000 people must live in the court |
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What are census agglomerations (CA)? |
Closely connected CMA’s |
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How many people are there in census agglomerations? |
10,000 to 100,000 |
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What is a Winnipeg CMA? |
If 50% or more of the labour force of a neighbouring municipality works in the course city, then the municipality is included in the core city CMA |
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What is a central city? |
The term central city, or simply city, defined urban settlement that has been legally incorporated into an independent, self-governing unit |
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What does a central city contain? |
City has locally elected officials, the ability to raise taxes, and responsibility for providing essential services |
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What are six general city characteristics? |
1.Dense population concentrations 2.functional complexity (account can support lots of different workers) 3.centres of power (business, government) 4. specialize land-use cities are linked (trade, transportation) 5.Contradictions (wealth/poverty) |
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What is the global definition of what constitutes “urban”? |
No global definition |
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To be considered an urban cluster in the United States how many people are necessary? |
Greater than 2500 people and 1000 people per square mile (urban cluster) |
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What does Japan consider urban? |
Greater than 50,000 people |
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What does Canada considered urban? |
Greater than 1000 and no fewer than 400 persons per kilometres squared |
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What do the United Nations consider urban? |
Greater than 20,000 |
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What is an urbanized area? |
- continuously build up landscape -defined by building and population densities -may include a central city with town suburbs etc. |
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What is Urbanization? |
The process through which the proportion of the population living in cities increases |
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In 1880 what % of the total global population lived in urban areas? |
5% of the total global population |
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What percent of the total global population lived in urban areas in 1997? |
43% |
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In 2025 what percent of the total global population is projected to live in urban areas? |
61% |
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What is the megalopolis? |
Cities, towns and villages that have merged to form one continuously built up area |
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In 1960 what are the top three largest megalopolis ranked by population? |
1.New York, US 2.Tokyo, Japan 3.London, UK |
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In 2015 what are the top three largest megalopolis ranked by population size? |
1.Tokyo, Japan 2.Mumbai, India 3.Legos, Nigeria |
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What is a mega city? |
Metropolitan area with a population greater than 10 million |
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Does Canada have any megacities? |
No |
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What is a primate city? |
-A countries leading city economically, culturally, historically, and politically -two times larger than the next largest city -Dominates the population, political and economic landscape |
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What are world cities? |
The centre of global economic power, influencing the worlds businesses |
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What are two influential factors in the creation of world cities? |
1.Growth of multinational corporation’s 2.concentration of professional services (banking sector, legal services, accounting) |
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What is the central business district ( CBD)? |
Downtown (best known and most visually distinctive area of most cities) |
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Why are services attracted to the central business district? |
Because of its accessibility |
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Who created the concentric zone model? |
Created in 1923 by Ernest Burgess |
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What is the concentric zone model? |
A city grows outward from the central area in a series of concentric rings |
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What is a feature of the concentric zone model? |
Positive correlation of financial status and distance from the CBD -wealthier house is further away from the CBD |
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The concentric zone model is divided into how many zones? |
Five |
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Explain the function of each zone in the concentric zone model. |
1.CBD is it self some divided into several subdistricts 2. zone of transition is characterized by residential deterioration and enroachment by business and light manufacturing 3. zone three is a ring of closely space but adequate homes occupied by the blue-collar labour force 4.zone for consist of middle-class residences 5.zone five is the suburban rain |
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Who and in what year was the sector model developed? |
Developed in 1939 by land economist Homer Hoyt |
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Explain the sector model. |
-As a city grows, activities expand out words in a wedge, or sector, from the centre -Once a district with high class housing is established, the most expensive new housing is built on the outer edge of that district |
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Hoyts sector model places emphasis on what? |
-Transportation -High income housing influences city growth. As a city grows, activities expand in a wedge, or sector from the CBD |
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Who developed the multiple nuclei model and in what year? |
Developed by geographers Chauncey Harris and Edward Ullman in 1945 |
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Explain the multiple nuclei model? |
A city is a complex structure that includes more than one centre around which activity occurs -The multiple nuclei theory states that some activities are attracted to a particular knows, where as others try to avoid them. |
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What is a galactic city? |
-urban area consists of inner-city surrounded by suburban residential areas and tied together with a ring road |
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What are edge cities? |
Suburban downtown is developed mainly around big regional shopping Center’s, they attract an industrial parks, office complexes, hotels restaurants, entertainment facilities and sports stadiums. (Eg IKEA) |
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What are some characteristics of edge cities? |
1.Design for cars rather than pedestrians 2.must have more than 5,000,000 ft.² of office space 3. must have the equivalent of a medium size mall 4.more jobs than homes 5.no urban characteristics 30 years earlier 6. Rarely include heavy industry |
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What is a social area analysis? |
The study of where people are very young living standards, ethnic background, and lifestyle live with in an urban area |
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What does affective application of the models depend on? |
Availability of data at the scale of individual neighbourhoods |
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In Canada what our census tracks? |
Census tracks or small areas that usually have a population of 2500 to 8000 people |
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How many census tracks are in Canada? |
5076 |
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What does the concentric zone model suggest about where people live in urban area? |
The concentric zone model suggests that a household in an older house is much more likely to live in an inner ring (near to downtown) and a household in a newer house in an outer ring |
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What does the sector model suggest in regard to where people live in urban area? |
Given two households who own their homes, the sector model suggests that the household with a more modest income is unlikely to live in the same sector of the city as the household with the higher income |
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In regard to social area analysis of the nuclei model where are people likely to live? |
People with the same ethnic or racial background or more likely to live near each other |
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What are some limitations of the models? |
Critics point out that the modal are two simple and fail to consider the variety of reasons that lead people to select particular residential locations to live |
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Where do more people live in cities outside of North America? |
Most people live downtown in cities outside of North America |
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Why do people live in Europe is CBD’s? |
They are attracted to the concentration of consumer services, such as cultural activities and and made it a late night life and with more people living there, Europe CBD is intern contain more day-to-day consumer services, such as groceries bakeries and butchers |
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What are the most prominent structures in Europe is central business district? |
Public in semi public services such as churches and palaces |
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Where do most ethnic and racial minorities reside in Paris?(Multiple nuclei in Europe) |
In contrast to US urban areas, most ethnic and racial minorities reside in the suburbs of Paris |
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Explain concentric zone is in Europe. |
As in US urban areas, the new were housing in the Paris region is in outer rings and the older housing is closer to the center. Unlike US urban areas, much of the newer suburban housing is in a high-rise apartment rather than single-family homes |
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What city is an example of the city that consist of two separate and distinct nodes? |
Morocco, a Pre-colonial city that existed before the French gain control and one built by the French colonialists |
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What model has been applied most frequently to cities in developing countries? |
The concentric zone model |
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Explain concentric zone model in developing countries. |
The entering’s house higher income people and have the most attractive residential areas near business and consumer services |
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In developing countries much of housing in the outer rings Is known as what? |
Informal settlement, also known as squatter settlements |
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Explain sectors in developing countries? |
In Latin American cities, wealthy people push out from the centre in a well-defined elite residential sector |
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What sector of the city are the wealthy attracted to you in developing countries? |
The wealthy are also attracted to the centre and spine because services such as water and electricity are readily available and reliable |
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what type of developing city shows evidence of multiple nuclei model? |
Cities in developing countries containing a complex mix of ethnic groups |
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What did the apartheid cause in South Africa? |
South Africa cities showed especially clear evidence of multiple nuclei model, because each race was segregated into distinct neighbourhoods |
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What is a suburb? |
A residential or commercial area situated with in an urban area but outside the central city |
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In Canada what percent of people live in some kind of suburb? |
65% |
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Between 2011 in 2016 how much did Toronto suburb grow ? Toronto growth? |
Toronto suburbs screwed by 7.7% while trying to group about 4.5% |
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What is a sprawl? |
The development of relatively low density suburbs at locations outside the existing built up area |
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What is annexation? |
The process of legally adding land area to a city |
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What is smart growth? |
Legislation and regulations to limit suburban growth and preserve farmland |
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What is new urbanism in Canada? |
A movement to make cities more liveable and foster a greater sense of community by design in compact, pedestrian friendly neighbourhood with sidewalks, front porch is, and a larger variety of how some types and land uses |
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What amount of all trips are work related? |
More than half |
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What is rush-hour? |
Four consecutive 15 minute periods that have the heaviest traffic |
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What hardships to low income residents of inner-city neighbourhoods face? |
-Inadequate job skills culture of poverty -crime, drugs and homelessness -low tax base and inadequate public services -food deserts( areas where healthy food is hard to find) -deteriorated houses |
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What is filtering,? |
Process where, overtime, houses transition from being occupied by members of one income group to members of a different income group (downward filtering is common) |
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What is gentrification? |
The process by which higher income people move into the inner-city neighbourhoods in renovate the housing |
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What occurs to lower income residents when gentrification occurs? |
Often displaces lower income residents, but rehabilitates deteriorated inner-city |
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Why are deteriorated inner-city neighbourhoods attractive? |
1.Houses maybe larger, but less expensive than houses in the suburbs 2.houses may have historical decor or architecture 3.Less commuting time 4.proximity to cultural and recreational opportunities |
