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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the name for solar energy that is intercepted by Earth? albedo insolation transmission energy advection |
albedo |
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Earth's main energy inputs are:
-longwave radiation and ultraviolet light. -near infrared and far infrared (i.e., longwave radiation). -ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared radiation. -gamma rays, X-rays, and ultraviolet radiation. |
ultraviolet, visible and near infrared radiation |
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Which of the following is correctly matched? -insolation = longwave radiation = thermal infrared radiation -insolation = shortwave radiation = UV, visible, and near infrared -terrestrial radiation = shortwave radiation = UV, visible, and near infrared -terrestrial radiation = shortwave radiation = thermal infrared radiation |
insolation = shortwave radiation = UV, visible, and near infrared |
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Which two gases are primarily responsible for the greenhouse effect because of their ability to absorb infrared energy? water vapor and carbon dioxide oxygen and hydrogen nitrogen and oxygen ozone and dust |
water vapor and carbon dioxide |
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Which of the following has the highest albedo? dry, light sandy soils asphalt fresh snow forests |
fresh snow |
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Earth's average overall albedo is 31 percent. 51 percent. 69 percent. unknown. |
31 percent |
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The sky is blue because -light reflects off of the oceans. -gasses in the atmosphere scatter blue light well. -dust in the atmosphere changes the black color of space to sky blue. -light from the sun is mainly blue. |
gasses in the atmosphere scatter blue light well |
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The time of maximum daily temperature occurs A) before the time of maximum insolation, because the residual heat energy left over in the atmosphere from the previous day adds to the energy supplied by insolation. B) at the same time that maximum insolation occurs, because that is when maximum energy is available for heating the air. C) after the time of maximum insolation, because the ground starts to reflect heat energy in the late afternoon, and this creates an energy surplus. D) after the time of maximum insolation, because an energy surplus accumulates in the atmosphere while the sun is still high in the sky and reaches a peak in mid-afternoon. E) before the time of maximum insolation occurs, because the thermosphere transfers heat energy to the surface during the early morning hours as the D and E layers in the ionosphere become active. |
after the time of maximum insolation, because an energy surplus accumulates in the atmosphere while the sun is still high in the sky and reaches a peak in mid-afternoon. |
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When water evaporates, the energy that was used to evaporate the water is stored as sensible heat in the evaporated water. is stored as latent heat in the evaporated water. is conducted into the underlying layer of water. is transferred to the air by advection when the water evaporates. |
is stored as latent heat in the evaporated water. |
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Official temperature measurements are taken in shelters that A) are louvered, white, and at least 1.2 m (4 ft.) above the ground. B) are louvered, have an albedo of 31%, and are at least 1.2 m (4 ft.) above the ground. C) are louvered, white, and always at least 1.2m (4 ft.) above a grassy surface. D) are not louvered, have an albedo of 31%, and are at least 1.2 m (4 ft.) above the ground. E) are pressurized to sea level pressure, white, and at least 1.2 m (4 ft.) above the ground |
C) are louvered, white, and ALWAYS at least 1.2 m (4 ft.) above the ground |
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Air temperature is a measure of the presence of which of the following? heat capacity relative humidity apparent temperature sensible heat |
sensible heat |
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The principal controls and influences of temperature patterns include A) Earth's tilt, rotation, revolution, and sphericity. B) latitude, altitude, land-water heating differences, cloud cover, ocean currents, and surface conditions. C) land-water heating differences only. D) specific heat only. |
B) latitude, altitude, land-water heating differences, cloud cover, ocean currents, and surface conditions. |
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The single most important control on temperature is A) latitude. B) altitude. C) distribution of land and water. D) evaporation. |
latitude |
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6.5°C/1000 m (3.5°F/1000 ft.) refers to A) a latitudinal lapse rate. B) a normal lapse rate. C) an environmental lapse rate. D) a measure of air pressure. |
a normal lapse rate |
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At night, temperatures at high elevations decrease __________ than at lower elevations because __________. A) more quickly; the air is thinner and contains less heat energy B) more quickly; the air is thicker and radiates energy away more rapidly C) less quickly; the air is thinner and contains less heat energy D) less quickly; the air is thicker and radiates energy away more rapidly |
B) more quickly; the air is thicker and radiates energy away more rapidly |
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The land surface cools off more rapidly at night than water does because A) the energy is stored in a shallow layer near the surface of the land, and so it can be radiated away faster. B) the amount of energy stored in the land is less than that stored in the water column. C) all of the above D) none of the above land does not cool off more rapidly than water at night |
all the above |
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The mean (average) temperature of a given location on Earth is controlled primarily by its __________ whereas its temperature range is controlled primarily by its __________. -elevation; location with respect to large water bodies -latitude; elevation -latitude; location with respect to large water bodies -evaporation; latitude |
latitude; location with respect to large water bodies |
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An isoline that connects all points of highest mean temperature on a world map is called the temperature range line. the thermal equator. an isobar. min/max line. the highest mean temperature isoline. |
the thermal equator |
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An isoline that connects all points of the same temperature on a map is called |
isotherm |
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The effects of wind and temperature on the human skin is called the sensible heat measurement. heat index. apparent temperature index. wind chill factor. |
wind chill factor |
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Which of the following refers to primary circulation? migratory high and low pressure systems the monsoons general circulation of the atmosphere land-sea breezes |
general circulation of the atmosphere |
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Which of the following refers to secondary circulation? migratory high and low pressure systems weather patterns general circulation of the atmosphere mountain-valley breezes |
migratory high and low pressure systems |
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Which of the following refers to tertiary circulation? migratory high and low pressure systems subtropical high pressure systems general circulation of the atmosphere land-sea breezes |
land-sea breezes |
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Which of the following is not true of the wind? It blows from regions of high pressure to regions of low pressure. It is initiated by the pressure gradient force. The direction of flow can be affected by the rotation of the Earth. Winds are named based on the direction from which they blow. Air blows from regions of hotter air to regions of colder air. |
Air blows from regions of hotter air to regions of colder air |
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Which instrument would you use to measure wind speed? a wind vane. the Beaufort wind scale. an anemometer. a barometer. the wind chill chart. |
anemometer |
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Which of the following is not a correct expression for standard atmospheric pressure at sea level? 1013.2 mb 1 kg/cm 229.92 inches of Hg 30.00 millibars 760 mm of Hg (mercury) |
30.00 millibars |
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Which of the following describes the pressure gradient force? It decreases with height above the surface. It drives air from areas of higher to lower barometric pressure. It causes apparent deflection of winds from a straight path. It is the only force acting on atmospheric flows in the upper troposphere. |
It drives air from areas of higher to lower barometric pressure |
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A isoline of equal pressure plotted on a weather map is known as an isotherm. an equilibrium line. the thermal equator. an isobar. |
isobar |
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Which of the following is true regarding the effects of the Coriolis force? The Coriolis force is zero along the equator, increasing to one-half of maximum at 30° latitude and maximum at the poles. The amount of Coriolis deflection is uniform from equator to poles. Coriolis deflection occurs only along parallels, not meridians. The Coriolis force is zero at the poles, increasing to maximum along the equator. |
The Coriolis force is zero along the equator, increasing to one-half of maximum at 30° latitude and maximum at the poles. |
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Which of the following matches is correct relative to air circulation? anticyclone = counterclockwise circulation in the Northern Hemisphere anticyclone = low pressure center cyclone = clockwise circulation in the Southern Hemisphere cyclone = high pressure center |
cyclone = clockwise circulation in the Southern Hemisphere NH Cyclone = CCW SH Cyclone = CW |
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Ocean currents are produced by the Coriolis force and water density differences. the frictional drag of winds. land-sea breezes. Both A and B are correct. |
Both A and B |
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The great circulations in the ocean basins occur around the __________ pressure systems and are known as __________. subpolar low; ocean streams subtropical high; ocean streams subtropical high; gyres subpolar low; gyres |
subtropical high; gyres |
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The equatorial currents are driven by the trade winds. monsoon winds. the upper-level easterlies. salinity differences in the ocean. |
trade winds |
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Winds that blow predominantly from the NE and the SE are the: westerlies polar easterlies horse latitudes trade winds |
trade winds |
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During the day along the coast, the wind tends to blow toward _________because ________. land; land heats more rapidly than water land; land heats more slowly than water water; water heats more slowly than land water; water heats more rapidly than land |
land;land heats more rapidly than water |
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A monsoon climate is characterized by __________summers and ________ winters. dry; dry dry; wet wet; dry wet; wet |
wet;dry |
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Mercury-free barometer |
Aneroid |
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Lines of equal pressure on a weather map |
Isobar |
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A force deflecting wind to the right in N. Hemisphere due to Earth's rotation |
Coriolis Effect |
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Dominant surface winds from the subtropics to high latitudes |
Westerlies |
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Deep oceanic circulation due to temperature and salinity differences |
Thermohaline |
