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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Kyoto Protocol
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1998 - did not get signed in US because of uncertain science and primarily economic impacts
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Riparian Doctrine
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water rights with property rights and can use water on your property or adjacent as long as you don't mess with the neighbor's too much
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Doctrine of Prior Appropriation
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water allocated based on amount historically diverted and placed to beneficial use (use it or lose it)
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Klamath River Basin
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Bush allowed more water usage for irrigation but hurt salmon; decision of upstream hurt the downstream
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Tragedy of the Commons
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the more people you have, the more they use limited resources; benefits are individual, costs are shared; Hardin's solution is population control
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Environmental Defense Fund (EDF)
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1970s-80s started to use the power of markets to protect the environment; started to buy water rights
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National Environment Policy Act
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1970 - if the government is going to do something, it needs to tell the public what it's going and the consequences so people can push back
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FME - free market environmentalism
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instead of government regulation, government assigns property rights; capitalism is the solution to the problem
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Command and Control
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Hardin - government sets regulations
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Cap and Trade
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rights to produce a certain amount and if you go under it you can sell your excess to someone else
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environmental tax
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government sets tax rate so if you want it, you have to pay more
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self governance
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Ostom - group of people discuss the rules and punishments of their shared resources
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Draconian effective
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cannot do anything to an endangered species (command and control)
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Clean Water Act
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1972 - maintain and restore chemical, physical, and biological integrity of nation's waters; 404 program - cannot dredge or fill wetlands
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Corps of Engineers
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existing federal agency that deals with navigable rivers and other water management
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Riverside Bayview
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1982 - federal government said they had to regulate wetlands adjacent to navigable waters because they are interconnected (paddleboat case)
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SWANCC
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2001 - rejected because they decided linking migratory birds to commerce clause was ridiculous
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Rapanos/Carabell
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2006 - corps of engineers say they can govern navigable waters and tributaries and those are what they say they are; no decision
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No Net Loss of Wetlands - NNLW
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1990 - to fill in wetlands, you need to build new wetlands to make up for it
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Wetland Restoration Program - WRP
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sets fees, collects fees, then uses them for restoration; EEP - ecosystem enhancement program is the same but with higher fees
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Unbundle the earth
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Costanza - finds value of the earth in benefits to humans
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New Geography of Conflict - NGC
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now over resources when before over ideology and religion
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Refinery
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oil converted to gasoline
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price attack
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Stern - get oil demand down so price is stable so Iran loses money
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Nuclear
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very stable power and used for base load
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coil and oil
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used for baseline and are efficient and stable
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natural gas
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can be turned on and off quickly
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environmental determinism
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selection pressure on people so evolved in different ways so the environment leads to biological differences
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N-S axis
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a lot of different biomes so not as much animal and plant migration
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E-W axis
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more animals, better transportation ability, more trade, etc
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environmental probablism
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more likely for people at this location to be more successful
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gallatin plan
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series of roads and canals that would link states and regions
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