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35 Cards in this Set

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What are the 3 states of water?


-Water Vapor


-Water


-Ice


What is the name for the energy, which is absorbed when water changes state?

Gelatin Heat

What is the hydrosphere?

The total volume of water on earth(remains constant)

Where is the most water found in the hydrosphere ?

In the worlds ocean (97.2%)

What is evaporation?

Conversion from liquid water to water vapor

Is energy absorbed? (evaporation)

Absorbed

What is condensation?

The conversion of water vapor to liquid water

Is energy absorbed? (condensation)

Released

What are the 3 measures of humidity?

1) Specific


2) Absolute


3) Relative

How do the 3 measures of humidity differ?

1) Specific- It measures the mass (g/kg)


2) Absolute- measures the volume (g/m3)


3) Relative- RH is the % of saturation of the air (100%)




*RH changes w/temp changes*

Give 2 ways in which RH could increase.

1) The cooling of the air


2) "Adding more water/moisture"

When air is holding all the water vapor it's capable of holding at a given temperature, it is______, with water vapor.

Saturated

The temperature in which this occurs is called____?

The dew point temperature

Explain the relationship between RH and temperature

The temperature goes up, RH goes down




-Temperature goes down, RH goes up

About what time of the day would there be maximum evaporation?

In the late afternoon

What would the RH be like? High or Low?

Low, because the hotter the less RH

What is the difference between dew & frost?

Dew- reaches the air @ 100%, and expands surfaces




Frost- Condensation on exposed surfaces. (Which are below freezing (32) in temp)

What do farmers use do in order to prevent frost?

The use smudge pots & wind machines to get warm air, and avoid frost.

How is rain formed in low latitudes?

Collision & coalescence

How is rain formed in high latitudes?

Bergeron Process

How is snow formed?

Bergeron Proces, ice crystals form & grow in clouds below freezing

What is sleet?

small rain drop freeze into ice before hitting the surface

What is glaze?

"freezing rain" small raindrops turn into ice when they hit a freezing object (power lines etc)

What is hail?

cloud particles grow into hail by freezing, melting, and refreezing while in tall cumulonimbus clouds

what are inversions?

When temperature increases with an increase in elevation

List the 3 inversions

1) Radiation- land emits long wave radiation as it cools on a cold evening


2) Advectional- cools ocean air blows toward the land (sea breeze)


3) Cold air drainage- cold air slides down a valley slope @ night/sunset

Upper air inversion?

When high pressure cells its over and area, the air warms as it sinks

What are 3 other precipitation process?

1) orographic


2) frontal


3) convergence

what type of rainfall (storm) is mostly associated with the convection process?

Thunderstorms


(1st comes lighting, then thunderstorms happen)

Identify the process whereby unstable air rises and produces rain?

convection

What are the 4 types of fog?

1) Radiation- forms when the ground cools @ sunset & heat radiates from the surface


2)Advection- forms when air cools over a cold current especially along the West Coast of continents


3)Orographic (upslope)- forms when air cools as it rises up a mountain


4) Evaporation(steam)- forms when warm air above a warm body of water rises into cooler air above & reaches air

Which type is most common along the coast?

Advection

Which type is most common above a large body of water in the late fall?

Evaporation

What is stability?

Stable air (wants to stay still)

What is instability?

pockets of air are warmer then surrounding


-(convection)