Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Types of streams.
|
Perennial and Ephemeral streams
|
|
|
Perennial Vs ephemeral streams
|
Perennial carries water year round, Ephemeral carries water during the wet season
|
|
|
Source of stream water.
|
Lakes, groundwater, surface runoff
|
|
|
Know the term and concepts of drainage basins, drainage divide, trunk stream, tributary, interfluves and confluence.
|
Drainage Basins: Place where streams run off
Drainage Divide: Forms a rim around basin Trunk Stream: largest stream in a drainage basin Tributary: A river that flows into another river Interfluves: Area that separates tributaries Confluence: A tributary that joins another river |
|
|
Know different drainage patterns and their difference.
|
Rectangular: Intersect at right angles
Trellis: flow parallel to one another Dendric: Branching off. TREELIKE Radial: many streams flow off a central point Deranged: no specific form |
|
|
How do you calculate drainage density?
|
Total length of streams/area of basin
|
|
|
Do you know how to order stream?
|
Ordered by their size/importance. Only changes order at convergence.
|
|
|
How do length of streams and number of streams change with stream order?
|
longer streams are more important
|
|
|
What is the formula to measure water discharge?
|
Q = W x D x V
|
|
|
What is the unit?
|
Cubic Meters/sec
|
|
|
What do understand by base flow ?
|
It is the amount of discharge from a stream at any given place and time because of ground water
|
|
|
What does basin lag tells you in a hydrograph?
|
How long it takes for precipitation to get to a stream
|
|
|
Why do urban watersheds have shorter basin lags than rural watersheds?
|
Because there is less soil and vegetation to soak up the water
|
|
|
What are the implications of shorter basin lag?
|
It was most likely an urban watershed
|
|
|
How is return period and peak discharge of water during the flood related?
|
If the peak discharge is high but the return period is slow then there will be more flooding
|
|
|
What are fluvial process and fluvial landforms?
|
External processes that include running water
|
|
|
What is the driving factor in fluvial landform?
|
gravity
|
|
|
What is the difference between erosional and depositional landforms?
|
erosional is when pieces are taken away and depositional is when pieces are added
|
|
|
What accelerates slope erosion process?
|
Areas of high relief and less vegetation
|
|
|
What is splash erosion?
|
When water hits along the side and pulls off pieces of dirt and rock and carries them along the stream
|
|
|
What is overland flow?
|
Water that flows unchanneled down a slope
|
|
|
What are different stream loads?
|
Dissolved Load, suspended Load, Bed Load
|
|
|
Dissolved load, suspended load and bed load.
|
D: Mineral ions invisible during transport
S: Sediment that floats on a stream, clays and silts B: Large Particles that float along in a process calt saltation |
|
|
What is stream capacity?
|
The maximum amount a stream can carry
|
|
|
What causes stream capacity to increase or decrease?
|
Erosion = increase
deposition (flooding) = decrease |
|
|
What is graded stream?
|
A stream that has a balance among erosion, sediment load, deposition, and the capacity of flowing water
|
|
|
What is base level?
|
The lowest level. A stream may no longer lower it's bed.
|
|
|
Difference between aggradations and degradation.
|
Aggradation is the addition of sediment whereas degradation is erosion
|
|
|
How is oxbow lake formed?
|
When the stream erodes the cutback as water goes downstream
|
|
|
What are alluvial fans?
|
Cone-shaped deposit of sediment that is built up by streams
|
|
|
What is the function of natural levee?
|
it forms a back swamp
|
|
|
What is equilibrium approach to landforms and its geographic cycle?
|
View landforms as a product of forces acting upon it
|
