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39 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is biogeography?
The study of the distribution of biodiversity over space and time.
What is an ecosystem?
A community of organisms that function together and the environment they're in.
What are the abiotic components of an environment?
The non-living parts - rocks, water, nutrients, chemicals, etc.
What are the different terrestrial ecosystems?
Forest, grasslands, tundra, desert.
What are the features of a karst landscape?
Soluble rock (limestone/dolomite), caves, sinkholes, springs, underground conduits.
What are porosity and permeability?
Porosity - (pore space)/(total rock volume); how much water a rock can hold
Permeability - interconnectedness of pores; how easily water can travel through.
Why is it important to study karst environments?
Very unique, 25% of world pop lives on them, 40% of US drinking water in kars aquifers, gives us info.
What are the primary types of sinkholes?
Subsidence and collapse.
What is an aquifer?
Rock with sufficient porosity and permeability to hold water.
What are the various types of cave formations?
Straws, stalactites, stalagmites, columns, drapery, helictites.
What are the various zones of karst bedrock?
Vadose passage (air-filled), phreatic passage (water-filled), epikarst (rock and soil meet).
How does recharge work in karst aquifers?
It happens when precipitation reaches the water table.
What is a drainage basin?
The area where water is channeled into a stream or river.
What factors affect surface runoff?
Intensity and duration of storm, surface features, infiltration and evaporation, soil type, slope.
What are the types of stream drainage patterns?
Dendritic, trellis, radial, centripetal, rectangular, deranged.
What is discharge?
The volume of water in a given cross section per unit of time.
What is capacity?
The maximum load a stream can transport.
What are the various methods of stream transport?
Solution, suspension, saturation.
What is a delta?
A deposition of sediment where a stream meets a large body of water and slows in velocity.
What are stream hydrographs used for?
To predict flooding.
What is a desert?
Rainfall is less than half of the potential evapotranspiration. Vegetation is sparse.
Tell me about desert streams.
They're ephemeral and seasonal.
What are the various types of arid region landforms?
Plateaus, mesas, buttes, pediment, inselberg, bolsons, playas.
What is eolian?
Wind.
What is saltation?
Bouncing.
How do loess deposits occur?
Wind carried dust-sized particles, then deposits them.
What are the characteristics of sand dunes?
Formed by eolian transport, sediments are well-rounded and well-sorted. They have an upwind side and a leeward side, and are all about thirty degrees.
What are the 5 main types of sand dunes?
Barchans, parabolic, transverse, longitudinal, star dunes.
How are sea levels and ice ages related?
Sea levels are lower during ice ages.
How do glaciers form?
Annual snowfall exceeds yearly loss by melting.
What is firn?
Stage between snow and ice.
What are the 3 main types of glaciers?
Valley, ice fields, continental ice sheets.
Where do continental ice sheets occur?
Antarctica and Greenland
What is the historic evidence of glaciation?
Till, moraine, esker, glacier caves, drumlin, kettle lake, erratic, scours and striations.
What are the various types morraine?
Leteral, medial, end, terminal, ground, recessional.
What factors affect the shape of coastlines?
Bedrock geology, tectonics, sediment input, tides, waves.
What are the 4 primary types of coastlines?
Delta coasts, drowned river valleys, glacial deposits, volcanic coasts.
What are the 2 main types of secondary coastlines?
Rocy coasts, depsitional (sandy) coasts.
What is longshore drift?
Movement of sediment caused by a longshore current.