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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
fenestrae
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openings in temporal region (behind the eyes) of skull that provide space for jaw muscles to safely bulge
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anapsid
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skull w/ no temporal fenestrae (turtles, early tetrapods)
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synapsid
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1 hold in skull (mammals and immediate ancestors)
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diapsid
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2 holes in skull - reptiles, birds, and dinos
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cervical vertebrae
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vertebrae of the neck
first is atlas second is axis can have more than 2 |
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dorsal (thoratic) vertebrae
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extend from base of neck to pelvis, not connect to pelvic bones
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sacral vertebrae
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the vertebrae that attach to pelvic girdle
often fused to create "sacrum" |
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caudal vertebrae
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vertebrae of the tail
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scapula
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sholder blade
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coracoid
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bone at top/front of scapula
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clavicle
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collar bone
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pectoral girdle
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set of shoulder bones inc scapula coracoid and clavicle
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forelimb
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arm
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humerus
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upper arm bone
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ulna
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lower arm bone lines up with pinky
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radius
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lower arm bown that lines up with thumb
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carpals
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several small bones that comprise the wrist
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metacarpals
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bones in palm of hand
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phalanges
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finger bones
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pelvic girdle
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bones of hip region
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3 bones of pelvis
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ilium, ischium, pubis
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ilium
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most dorsal of 3 bones in pelvis`
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ischium
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ventral posterior third of the pelvic girdle
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pubis
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ventral anterior portion of pelvic girdle
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acetabulum
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the socket that houses the ball at the top of the femur, in between the 3 pelvic bones
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femur
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upper leg bone
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tibia
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the larger of the two lower leg bones (shin bone)
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fibula
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smaller of two lower leg bones (calf bone)
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tarsals
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multiple bones comprising the ankle
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metatarsals
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bones in the sole of the foot
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phalanges
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individual toe bones
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3 qualities distinguish ancestral vertebrates from nonvertebrates
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1. dorsal hollow nerve cord
2. gill slits at some stage of devel 3. a dorsal stiffening rod (notochord) present at some stage of dev -- early predecessor to back bone |
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lampreys
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fish w/ sucker mouth that attaches to other fish, sucks out the guts
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jawless fishes
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extinct, had bony plates on head, fead on detritus covering floor
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gnathostomata
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jawed vertebrates
jaws are modified gill arches |
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chondrichthyes
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sharks and rays
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osteichtyes
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bony fish
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actinopterygii
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ray finned fish - most that are living today
fins supported by thin bony rays |
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sarcopterygii
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some bones in fins, but not at all like rays
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choanata
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fish w/ openings in roof of mouth, allows breathe w/ mouth closed
mostly lungfishes/tetrapods |
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tetrapoda
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only fish vertebrates to conquere land, four limbs w/ digits in hands/feet
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amniota
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clade of amphibia w/ eggs in amniotic sac, no longer have to lay in water
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reptilia
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group including turtles (anapsid) and diapsids
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testudines
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turtles -- highly modified tetrapods
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theropoda
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all carnivorous dinos
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aves
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all modern birds, lossof teeth and highly derived skeleton
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