Geo Units 2 And 3 (Maps And Gis)

Front 1

Rendering of locations on the curved earth’s surface on to a flat map.

Back 1

Map Projection

Front 2

Developable Surface (3)

Back 2

1. Cylindrical

2. Conic

3. Azimuthal

Front 3

Conic Tangent is _______

Back 3

One standard parallel (1 point touch)

Front 4

Conic Secant is _______

Back 4

Two standard parallel (2 point touch)

Front 5

During a conic projection, the latitude line where the cone and globe meet is known as _________

Back 5

standard parallel

Front 6

Describe the three Cylindrical aspects

(developable surfaces)

Back 6

The cylinder touches globe along...

1. line of latitude (normal)

2. Line of longitude (Transverse)

3. Another line (Oblique)

Front 7

Describe the three Planar (Azimuthal ) Aspects

(Developable surfaces)

Back 7

Plane is placed over a globe and can touch...

1. the pole (normal)

2. the equator (equatorial case)

3. another line (oblique)

Front 8

List the Types of Projections

Back 8

1. Conformal

2. Equivalent/equal area

3. Equidistant

4. Direction

Front 9

__________ projections preserve local shape.

Back 9

Conformal

Front 10

________ projections preserve the area of displayed features.

Back 10

Equal Area

Front 11

____________ projections preserve the distances between certain points.

Back 11

Equidistant

Front 12

What are some common projections for GIS?

Back 12

1. Geographic Projection

2. Lambert Conformal Conic

3. Transverse Mercator

Front 13

___________ is the direction of touch or intesect

Back 13

Orientation of Projection

Front 14

Coordinate systems are _________

Back 14

A reference system used to represent the location of geographic, features, imagery, and observations such as GPS

Front 15

What are some common coordinate systems for GIS?

Back 15

1. State Plane Coordinate System

2. Universal Transverse Mercator

Front 16

What are the components of a GCS?

Back 16

1. Datum (Sphere or Ellipsoid)

2. Angular Unit of measure (DMS, DD, Radian)

3. Prime Meridian

Front 17

What are the components of a PCS?

Back 17

1. GCS (Linerage)

2. Unit of measure (meter or foot usually)

3. Map projection (specific parameters)

Front 18

Changing what is already assigned to the dataset

Back 18

Define Projection

Front 19

Creating a new dataset that is transformed to a different projection

Back 19

Project (Reprojecting)

Front 20

The science of measuring the size, shape, and gravity of the earth

Back 20

Geodesy

Front 21

________ is the most accurate representation of the earth

Back 21

Globe

Front 22

A roughly spherical shape with several undulations caused by varying strengths in gravitational pull. (mean sea level)

Back 22

Geoid

Front 23

A reference for the earth giving us the ability to determine a position (horizontal & vertical)

Back 23

Datum

Front 24

Reference surface that gives us the X, Y position for any location based on a specific ellipsoid.

Back 24

Horizontal Datum

Front 25

A zero surface from which to measure elevation

Back 25

Vertical Datum

Front 26

A ratio/proportion that tells us what distance on a map represents on the surface of the earth.

Back 26

Scale

Front 27

What are the components to good cartography

Back 27

a. Figure Ground relationship (Pop the figure out)

b. Good Visual Hierarchy (Map, Title, Legend, Background )

c. Good Balance

Front 28

a three-dimensional shape created from a two-dimensional ellipse. Oval, best representation of the earth. Sphere flattened at the poles.

GPS

Back 28

Spheroid/ellipsoid

Front 29

_______ is an oval, with a major axis (the longer axis) and a minor axis (the shorter axis).

Back 29

ellipse

Front 30

Things to remember about projections (3)

Back 30

1. Need to know what to specify for projection (standard parallels, POO, Central Meridian).

2. Dataset has projection defined

3. All datasets are in same projection

Front 31

How do you represent the earth (2)

Back 31

1. Pick a reference shape and size

2. Series of reference points

(shape and size + reference points = datum)

Front 32

Antipodes are _____

Back 32

Exact opposite points on earth

Front 33

Fitted to the overall shape of the earth

Back 33

Global Datum

Front 34

Fitted to a certain region on the earth

Back 34

Local /regional Datum`

Front 35

A GCS is not a Datum. but ______`

Back 35

A datum is only one part of a GCS

Front 36

Line of latitude and longitude encompass the globe and form a gridded network called a

Back 36

graticule.

Front 37

While a spheroid approximates the shape of the earth, a datum defines the position of the _____________

Back 37

spheroid relative to the center of the earth.