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121 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Earth is how old?
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4.6 Billion years old
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Inner Core
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Solid Iron and Nickle
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Outer Core
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Iron and Nickle Liquid
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Mantle
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81 percent of planet. Composed of peridiosite (iron and magnesium)
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Magnetic Field?
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Movement of liqid outer core
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Morhorvic Discontinuity (MoHo)
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The earth that seperates the mantle from the crust
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Granite rich in?
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Silicon and Potassium
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Oceanic Crust composed of?
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Basalt (rich in iron, magnesium, and 52% silicon)
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Oceanic or Continental crust thicker?
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Continental. Oceanic is 7 kil thick. Continental is 35-70 kil thick.
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Lithospere
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Covers the earth up to 100 meters thick. upper portion of the mantle
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Athenospere
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melted mantle rock
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mesosphere
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from outer core to the remainding mantle
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7 lithosperic plates?
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pacific, south american, north american, african, eurasian, austrailian-indian, and antartic
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the three types of plate boundaries are...
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divergent, convergent, and transform (conservative)
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process where one plate decends beneath another?
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subduction. characteristic of convergent margins
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rate of convergence
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the rate at which lithosphere is consumed at convergent margins
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convergent margins are characterized by
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basins and a long linear chain of volcanoes called a volcanic arc
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magma
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silicate liquid under the earths surface
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divergent margins
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sites where new lithiospheric plates are being formed
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what is fed to the oceanic floor via divergent margins?
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crystal mush and magma
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spreading rate
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rate at which the two sides at teh end of the ridge incrimentally move away from eachother
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middle atlantic ridge is where?
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in the middle of the atlantic ocean seperating north/south america from africa and europe
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What is the name of the mid ocean ridge seperating the cocos and nasca microplates from the pacific plate?
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east pacific rise
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the best known transform boundary in the world is what?
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the san andreas fault system
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What are the main driving forces of plate motion?
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ridge push, gravitational sliding along the lithospere/athenospere boundary, slab pull, and convection
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rate of seafloor spreading is equal to
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rate of convergence
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how are protons charged?
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positively
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how are neutrons charged
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no charge
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atoms atomic number
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number of protons in nucleus
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how are electrons charged?
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negatively
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standard state
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number of electrons equals number of protons
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ionic form
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atom carries a charge
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anion
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negatively charged (more electrons then protons)
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cation
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positively charged atom (more protons then electrons)
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oxidation number
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charge that an atom would carry if in ionic form
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Si
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Silicon Ox# 4
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Al
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Aluminum +3
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Fe
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Iron +2 or +3
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Mg
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Magnesium +2
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Ca
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Calcium +2
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Na
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Sodium +1
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K
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Potassium +1
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O
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Oxygen -2
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Cl
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Chlorine -1
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Minerals and oxidation
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Minerals with internal atomic structure...sum of oxidation numbers must equal 0
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2 groups of minerals
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non silicate and silicate
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non silicate
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never have silicon in their formula (gold silver...)
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silicate
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built from silicon o2 tetrahedron (SI04 molecule) 4 ox to one silicon. (quarts, mica)
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5 silicate groups
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framework, sheet, double chain, single chain, independent
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Im working on making a framework sheet for a single chain independent cd.
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quarts and feldspar
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framework
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biotite and muscovite
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sheet
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amphiaboles (hornblende)
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double chain
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pyroxenes
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single chain
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olivines
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independent
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CaCO3
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Calcite non silcate
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SiO2
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quarts , framework silicates
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NaCl
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table salt, non silicate
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Fe2O3
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hemotite, non silicate
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KAISi3O8
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Potassium Feldspar
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(Mg,Fe)2 SiO4
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Olivine, contains mag and iron
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luster
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the impression you have as llight is reflected off a mineral
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metallic luster
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galena, pyraite, gold, sliver, hemotite
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non metallic luster
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halight, sodium chloride, gypisum, calcite, calcium carbonite, quarts
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glassy luster (vitrious)
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quarts
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Hematite
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thick red brown streak
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Calcite
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bubbles with HaCl
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pyrite
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fools gold
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Halight
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3 directions of cleavige, salty taste
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Calcite
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3 directions of cleavage
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quarts
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conchodial fracture
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fredrich mohs
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devoloped index of hardness
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Dont Catch Tigers Quietly Over Attacking Frightened Cats Getting Tired
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Diamonds, Corundum, topaz quarts, orthoclase, apatite, flourite, calcite, gypsum, talc
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All igneous rocks pass through a _________ state.
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liquid
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interesive
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if magma solidifies in place.
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extrisive
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solified lava in place.
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tefra/paraclast
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all material blown out of the volcano
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pyroclastic rock
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solified debris that blew out of a volcano.
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we can tell intersive and extrisive rocks apart by their...
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texture
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veneritic
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when you can make out the crystals with your naked eye.
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affanitic
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you can not make out any crystals with the naked eye
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large crystals can form when...
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lava cools slowly
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porphyritic texture
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large visible crystals surrounded by grainy unshiny surface.
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venotrix
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the crystals on a igneous rock
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matrix
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the grainy part of a igneous rock
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Gabbro has the same compositional equivlant as...
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basalt
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Diorite has the same compositional equivlant as...
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Andesite
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Granite has the same compositional equivlant as...
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Rhyolite
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Silicic SiO2 composition
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greater then 66 weight percent
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intermediate SiO2 composition
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52-66 weight percent
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mafic SiO2 composition
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45-52 weight percent
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ultramafic SiO2 composition
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less then 45 weight percent
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Silicic include
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Rhyolites and Granites
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Intermediates include
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andosides and dhyorites
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Mafic include...
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Basalts and Gabbos
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Ultramafic include...
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peridotites
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Bombs and Blocks
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larger then 64 mm
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Fragmented materials blown out of a volcano
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TEPHRA/PYROCLAST
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SIZES OF TEPHRA/PYROCLAST ARE...
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BOMBS/BLOCKS= TENNIS BALLS...ASH...
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VOLCANIC BRECCIA
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PYROCLASTIC BLOCK THAT IS MOSTLY ROCKS
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AGGLOMERATE
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PYROCLASTIC ROCK COMPOSED MOSLTY OF BOMBS
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SCORIA
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GLASSY RELATIVLEY SOLICIC ROCK CONTAINING MANY SMALL HOLES CALLED VESICLES
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TUFF
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PYROCLASTIC ROCK COMPOSED MOSTLY OF ASH
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LAPILLI TUFF
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PYROCLASTIC ROCK COMPOSED MOSTLY OF LAPILLI
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WHAT ARE THE THREE PROMINANT TYPES OF VOLANOES?
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STRATO (COMPOSITE), SHIELD, AND CINDER CONES
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STRATO (COMPOSITE),
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FOUND ALONG CONVERGENT MARGINS
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SHIELD
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CHARACTERISTIC OF THE HAWAIIN ISLANDS
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CINDER CONES
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CAN BE FOUND RESTING WITH THE SHIELD AND COMPOSITE VOLCANOES
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CALDERA
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DIAMETER OF VOLCANIC VENT LARGER THEN 1 KILOMETER
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CRATER
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DIAMETER OF VOLCANIC VENT SMALLER THEN 1 KILOMETER
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a hoy a hoy
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smooth lava
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ah ah
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large angluar chunks of lava
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columunar joints
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sharp jagged lava made cliffs
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pillow lava
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when basalts erupt under water- molten hot interior. wormy, pillow like extention
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ignembright
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bottom of volcanoe gases continue to flow
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magma chambers
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large pools of magma
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dikes
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move lava from one layer to another
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sills
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parallel pools of lava in rock underground
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pluton
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body of magma or equivlant
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stock oppossed to batholithe
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less then 100 square kilometers
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magma forms by...
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dehydration reactions and water-induced melting and pressure release melting
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bowens reaction series
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used to show how crystal settling can modify the composition of magma
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