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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is culture
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Specialized sum total of human learned behavior
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How is culture transmitted
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Imitation, instruction, and example
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What is a culture hearth
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Nuclear are within which an advanced and distinctive set of cultural traits ideas and technology develops and which there is diffusion of those characteristic sand the cultural landscapes features they apply
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What are the four components of culture
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Traits, complex, region, realm
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What is environment determinism and is it believed to be true today
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Physical environment alone exclusively shapes human actions and thought and no
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Who is one of the authors of the environmental determinism concept
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Ellen Churchill semple
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What are thought to be responsible for cultural development as stated by viewpoint of possibilism
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People
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The earth’s surface modified by human actions is an example or definition of
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cultural landscape
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What was the first major tool of mankind
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fire
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What was the Pleistocene overkill
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The wholesale slaughter of 40% of the large animals that roamed the earth
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What makes this important and
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The first of many mad made mass extinctions
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What are examples of modern overkill
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Mon and maori, dodo, passenger pigeon, and heath hens
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Who are the maori people and what species are they credited with extinction
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People I new Zealand 700 years ago killed moa
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What is the Gaia hypothesis and its author
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Biosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere are in some kind of balance by James lovelock
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When did settlement f the north American continent begin
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35,000 years ago
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What is sequent occupancy
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Notion that successful societies leave their cultural imprints on a place each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape
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List the stages of prehistoric man
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Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic
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What is multilinear evolution
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Widely separated cultures develop common characteristics
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what is ideological subsystem
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Ideas beliefs and knowledge of a culture and the ways these things are expressed in speech or written word
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what is technology subsystem
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Material objects and how they are used
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what is sociological subsystem
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sum of the expected and accepted patterns of interpersonal relations that find their outlet in economic political military and religious
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what is cultural divergence
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Cultures that co exist with different cultures
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what is cultural convergence
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Cultures begin to share technology, organizational structures cultural traits
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what is cultural lag happens when a social group does what
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Resists change
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what is spatial diffusion
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Process by which an idea or innovation is transmitted from one individual or group to another across space
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what is relocation diffusion
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spread of something by migrating individual or populations
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how must it be transported
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physically carried by migrant
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what is an example of relocation diffusion
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Diseases
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what is an example of expansion diffusion
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Spread of item or idea from one place to another must remain in origin area
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what is contagious diffusions
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Uniform spread of something ripple through a pond
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what does contagious diffusion depend on
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Expansion diffusion
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what is innovation
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Change to a culture due to an invention or new idea
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what is acculturation
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more dominant group
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what I are syncretism
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Major feature of culture change process where old and new cultures are fused together
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Culture is
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Learned my imitation, instruction, and example
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The carrying capacity of a defined region would be the lowest for
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Hunter gathers
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Cultural convergence is the
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Sharing of technologies, organized stuctures, and culture traits among separated societies
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Culture traits are
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A wide range from language to games played
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Animal domestication occurred most likely during which period
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Mesolithic
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Syncretism is the process of
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Fusing the old and new elements of culture
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The limitations that the environment place on human use of territory are
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Relative to level of technology, cost considerations and economic linkages throughout the world
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The desolation of Chanco Canyon resulted from
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The destruction of the life supporting enviroment
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The belief that people, not environments, are the dynamic forces of cultural development is termed
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Possibilism
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The first great tool humans utilized to change the landscape was
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fire
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Changes in culture, both major and minor, are induced by
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Innovation and diffusion
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Which of the following is not a process of cultural change
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Segregation
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By the end of the Paleolithic period, habitation occurred
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All continents
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The movement of black americans from the rural south to the cities of the northern US is an example of which kind of diffusion
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Relocation
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From highest to lowest, the most accurate representation if cultural units is
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Realm, region, complex, trait
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