Geo 330 Exam 3

Front 1

Na-Dene

Back 1

Language group Navajo belong to

Today most of Navajo Nation speaks their language

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Navajo

Back 2

Hunter/gatherers until Hopi taught them farming

Made great weavings once they learned to use wool

Largest and most populous tribal reservation in US

Only 13% live outside the N Nation

Front 3

Tony Hillerman

Back 3

Mystery novels about Navajo tribal police detectives

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Navajo silversmithing

Back 4

Learned from Mexicans

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SW & Europeans

Back 5

Coronado brought Spanish to region looking for Cibola (city of gold)

Settled in NM

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San Miguel Chapel

Back 6

Santa Fe

Oldest church in US

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Santa Fe

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Trade center for region and oldest capital in US

"Holy Faith"

All roads in SW lead to Santa Fe

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Palace of the Governors

Back 8

Adobe structure

Oldest public building in continuous use in US

Seat of gov't for:

New Spain --> Mexico --> New Mexico Territory --> state of NM

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Spanish SW architecture

Back 9

Stucco walls, clay tile roofs, terracotta

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Santuario de Chimayo

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"Lourdes of NM" due to reputation as healing site

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Mormons

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Joseph Smith visited by angel, found golden plates

Brigham Young led migration to Utah to escape persecution

Claimed new state called Deseret, but rejected and became Utah territory

Now 70% of Utah is Mormon, and 67% of Mormons live out west

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SW and native population

Back 12

Highest proportion of population is Native American (1 in 100) outside of Alaska

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New Mexico and Hispanics

Back 13

More in NM than any other state

Recent Hispanic governors

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NAFTA and immigration

Back 14

Huge increase in illegal immigration since NAFTA signed in 1994

Mexican ag couldn't compete with cheap American grain (subsidies)

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Mexico's Great Migration

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Mexican farmers couldn't compete w/ American prices, came to America

More than 1/2 farm workers in US are illegal immigrants

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Strawberries

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"Devil's fruit" b/c you have to bend over all day to pick them

Pickers only make $65 a day

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Illegal immigrant populations

Back 17

#1: California

#2: Texas

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Burning Man

Back 18

One week, over Labor Day

Black Rock Desert in northern Nevada

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Meteor Crater

Back 19

Arizona

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Petrified Forest National Park

Back 20

Arizona

Acacia wood

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Jerome, AZ

Back 21

Became rich from copper mines in 1920s

Became National Historic Landmark, has art galleries, coffee houses, restaurants, mining history museum

House of Joy: brothel-inspired shop

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Sonora Desert Museum

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Tuscon

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Phoenix tourist attractions

Back 23

60+ golf courses

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Route 66

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"Will Rogers Highway"

Built in 1920s, connecting Chicago to California

Used to escape Dust Bowl

Bypassed by the interstate system under Ike

Best intact in Arizona and NM

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White Sands National Monument

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Dunes of gypsum salt in NM

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Carlsbad Caverns National Park

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NM

Underground lunch room

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California Indian Wars

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1850-1890

State militia fight NAs

Act for Gov't and Protection of Indians allowed whites to raid villages

Women and kids taken as forced labor, men and elderly killed

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Ishi

Back 28

"Last wild Indian"

Last of Yahi tribe

Studied by anthropologists

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California statehood

Back 29

Land gained during Mexican-American War (1846-1848)

Discovery of gold in 1848 led to miner 49ers, gold rush

California fast-tracked to statehood in 1850

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Population of California

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1/2 born outside California

Most populous state

Major destination for internal migration until trend slowed in 1990s, when foreign immigration increased

Attracts more immigrants (domestic and international) than any other state

Over 1/3 of Canadians abroad live in southern CA

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LA and Hispanics

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Highest concentration

(Central Valley also high due to ag and migrant workers)

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California and Hispanics

Back 32

#2 percentage of Hispanics in population (38% of pop.)

Highest concentration in LA county

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California and Asians

Back 33

Second largest minority (15%)

Chinese laid Central Pacific Railroad

Chinese men est. laundries

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Chinese Exclusion Act

Back 34

Suspended Chinese immigration 1882-1943

Men couldn't bring over families

Some deported, most not allowed citizenship

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Largest and oldest China Town in North America

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San Francisco

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Japanese immigration

Back 36

"Gentleman's agreement" 1907 barred more Japanese men from entering, but allowed women and children

Until Immigration Act of 1924 banned all Japanese and non-whites from entering US

Japanese and Filipinos mostly worked in ag, Chinese on railroads

Japanese "picture brides"

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CA and urbanization

Back 37

90% of Californians live in urban areas

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Haight-Ashbury District

Back 38

San Fran area that was focal point for hippie movement, along w/ town of Berkeley across the bay

Berkeley used to be hippie capital, but now Eugene, Oregon

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Central Valley

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50% of US nuts, fruits, veggies

90% of US wine from Napa and Sonoma Vallies

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Cali wine

Back 40

Gallo is largest winery

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California and dairy

Back 41

#1 in most forms of dairy

Second to Wisconsin in cheese

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California ports

Back 42

LA and Long Beach ports are biggest container port in US

Mostly trade w/ China

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California's trading partners

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#1: Mexico

Then Canada, China, Japan, S. Korea

Computers and electronics are top export

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Silicon Valley

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Santa Clara Valley

Includes San Jose and southern part of San Francisco

Once "Valley of Heart's Delight"

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Age of Hawaiian islands

Back 45

Kauai is oldest, Hawaii youngest

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Big Island

Back 46

Made up of 5 volcanoes that merged into each other

2 active:

Kilauea - very active, almost continuous; on East side, home to Pele (volcano goddess)

Mauna Loa - most massive volcano on Earth. Active but hasn't erupted in 32 yrs

Front 47

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park

Back 47

Kilauea + summit and East slopes of Mauna Loa

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Hawaii rain patterns

Back 48

Big Island: winds blow East to West, so East coast is lush rainforest and West coast is semi-arid/desert

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Captain James Cook

Back 49

First European contact w/ Hawaii

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Kingdom of Hawaii

Back 50

Kamehameha unified all islands under central gov't

"Napoleon of the Pacific"

Collected taxes, promoted trade w/Western powers, prohibited non-native land ownership until 1848

Wanted to maintain control of islands from outsiders

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King Kalakaua

Back 51

2nd to last monarch

Adopted lifestyle and customs of the American "elite"

Forced to sign Bayonet Constitution at gunpoint, removed much of executive power from monarch and stripped 75% of native Hawaiians of voting rights

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Queen Lili'uokalani

Back 52

Proposed new constitution, which prompted US and Euro businessmen, residents, and Marines to depose her and annex Hawaii

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Hawaiian population

Back 53

Highest percentage of Asians

Most multiracial people in any state

Fewest non-Hispanic white people

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Honolulu

Back 54

75% of population and 80% of economy here

No other state/province so heavily dominated by a single urban center

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Hilo

Back 55

Second largest Hawaiian city, on wet Eastern side of Big Island

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Land use/ownership in Hawaii

Back 56

1/2 of land is owned by state or federal gov't

Military owns 1/4 of O'ahu, Pearl Harbor

National and state parks comprise part of gov't land

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Ni'ihau

Back 57

"Forbidden Isle"

Elizabeth Sinclair bought island and passed down to what is now Robinson family

130 residents, mostly just natives and Robinsons; small naval installation, limited day trips allowed but not much else

No hotel, store, cars, etc.

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Lana'i

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Pineapple Island, James Dole

World's largest pineapple plantation

Very small settlement (Lana'i City)

Oracle Corp bought island in 2012, plan for organic ag, solar farm, luxury hotel

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Prices in Hawaii

Back 59

Double LA house prices with roughly same median income

Import food, gas, etc. from mainland so more expensive

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Hawaiian tourist industry

Back 60

30% of economy, main industry

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Juan de Fuca plate

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Subducts North American plate to form Cascade Mountains

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Cascadia Volcanoes

Back 62

Erupt violently due to gas bubbles in lava

Mt. St. Helens

Mt. Rainier (Tacoma)

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Douglas Fir

Back 63

Most common tree

Popular for Christmas trees and pretty cones

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Timber industry in Pacific NW

Back 64

2/3 of US timber cuts, sales

In decline since to housing crisis (people not building as many homes, furniture)

But offset by timber exports, mostly to Japan and China

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Alaskan oil

Back 65

North Slope Oil Fields have a pipeline to the Valdez Terminal

High cost of production, esp. compared to Saudi Arabia

Alaska depends on petroleum revenues to finance state operations (does not have state income tax or collect state sales tax)

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Alaskan Command

Back 66

HQ in Anchorage

Administrates military in Alaska

Maintains air sovereignty, etc.

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Canada name

Back 67

From Iroquois word for "village" or "settlement"

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John Cabot

Back 68

First European contact with future Canada (Brits)

Landed in Newfoundland 1497

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Jacques Cartier

Back 69

Explore St. Lawrence River in 1534

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Canada possession

Back 70

French (New France) until cession to Brits 1763

Many French in Acadia (Nova Scotia) migrate to Quebec and New Brunswick

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Hudson Bay Company

Back 71

British, governed Rupert's Land under charter from king (1670-1870)

Sold land to new gov't of Canada in 1870 for cheap, but still made $$$

Now "The Bay," high-end department store

Front 72

Northwest Company

Back 72

French and American

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Confederation of Canada

Back 73

Partial independence as Dominion of Canada (still a Commonwealth territory)

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John A. MacDonald

Back 74

First PM of Canada

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Metis

Back 75

Half-breeds

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Immigrant destinations in Canada

Back 76

#1: Toronto

#2: Vancouver

#3: Montreal

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Dominion Day/Canada Day

Back 77

Anniversary of Canada being officially formed

Changed to Canada Day in 1982

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Last province to join Canada

Back 78

Newfoundland

Front 79

Heiau

Back 79

Temples built by native Hawaiians, offering animal and human sacrifices to the gods

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Wailua River

Back 80

Hawaiian River w/ secret royal temples

Front 81

Kauai and biodiversity

Back 81

90% of its flora and fauna found nowhere else on Earth

Very isolated

Front 82

Lei

Back 82

Traditionally brought when invited to party/celebration/luau/funeral/wedding, etc.

Front 83

Luau

Back 83

Traditionally celebration for child's first birthday

Now given for special birthdays, thanksgivings

Front 84

Oahu

Back 84

Most populated island (has Honolulu with 75%, Waikiki with many as well)

Front 85

Gov't employment in Alaska

Back 85

Cutbacks may hamstring Alaskan economy

Gov't employment is 23% of jobs in Alaska, and 31% of wage and salary income

Front 86

Alaskan oil

Back 86

On decline, too expensive to get out and low oil prices not helping

Gov't funding comes from oil so collapse of oil could bankrupt gov't

Front 87

Alaskan economic crisis

Back 87

Economy built on gov't employment and oil, both on decline

Address by reducing deficit; collect income tax to keep funding safe (since cutting gov't spending would cut jobs which would have negative effect)

Front 88

Mo'olelo

Back 88

Hawaiian traditions