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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of the following are the 3 braod subdivisions of the ocean floor?
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continental margins
deep ocean basins oceanic ridges |
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Materials deposited by turbidity currents contribute to the formation of
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deep-sea fans
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Which is the thinnest of Earth's different layers?
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Crust
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which one of the following is NOT a principal division of the solid Earth?
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Troposphere
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what are the 3 basic classes of rocks described in the rock cycle?
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sedimentary
igneous metamorphic |
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Earth's gaseous envelope is the _____.
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atmosphere
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when an oceanic plate and a continental plate converge, a ____ is formed along a subduction zone
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transform fault
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at divergent plate boundaries
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new lith. is forming
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new oceanic crust is created at divergent boundaries at a rate of about:
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5 cm per year
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the region where oceanic lith descends into the asthenosphere is called___.
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a subduction zone
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as plats move apart, the gap between them is filled with molten rock called
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magma
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whenever a slab of oceanic lith. converges with a slab of continental lithosphere____.
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...the oceanic lithosphere descends into the asthenosphere
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most volcanic island arcs are located in the
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western Pacific
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at divergent plate boundaries, two plates____.
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move apart
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earth's rigid outer layer overlies a zone of weaker and hotter material known as the:
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asthenosphere
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what layer of Earth allows the plates to move?
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asthenosphere
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what is the main factor that triggers the formation of magma when a cold slab of oceanic lithosphere is subducted?
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...the subducting slab supplies water to a wedge of hot mantle rock thereby lowering its melting temperature
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which os these water bodies was once a rift valley?
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Red Sea
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The Andes and Cascades exemplify which of these features?
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Continental volcano arc
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according to the theory of plate tectonics, plates interact mainly____.
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along plate boundaries
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most volcanic island arcs are located near_____.
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a deep-oceanic trench
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which of theseplates is the largest?
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pacific
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at convergent plate boundaries, two plates_____.
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move together
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which one of these mountain belts was NOT formed by a continental collision?
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Urals
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convergent plate margins occur where two plates are moving toward one another and the movement is accommodated by:
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one plate descending beneath the other
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the mechanism that has generated the floors of the world's oceans is called
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seafloor spreading
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at convergent plate boundaries
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new lithosphere is forming
old lithosphere is being destroyed |
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volcanoes associated with continental volcanic arcs generally______.
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erupt explosively
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all feromagnesian minerals contain one or both of these elements:
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iron, magnesium
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which one of the following is NOT included in the definition of a mineral?
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unordered internal structure
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which one of the following is NOT a property used to identify minerals?
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texture
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which of these silicate minerals exhibits a sheet structure?
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muscovite
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the most common group of rock forming minerals is the _____.
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silicates
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which of these mineral properties may be of minimal value in id-ing the mineral quartz?
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color
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which of these rocks is composed almost entirely of ferromagnesian minerals?
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basalt
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igneous rocks rich in dark silicate minerals with about 50% silica are said to have ____ composition.
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granitic
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rocks that contain voids left by gases that escape as lava solidifies are said to exhibit
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vesicular
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which one of the following is NOT a possible product of bolcanic eruption?
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marble
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in a rock with porphyritic texture. the smaller crystals are referred to as_____.
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groundmass
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which one of the following greatly affects both the size and arrangement of mineral crystals in an igeous rock?
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rate of cooling of the magma or lava
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igneous rock originates when hot, molten material called _____ cools and crystallizes
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magma
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in a rock with a porphyritic texture, the large crystals are referred to as___.
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phenocrysts
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an igneous rock with less than 15% dark minerals would have a _____composition
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granitic (felsic)
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this type of magma, with a silica content of about 70%, has the greatest tendency to form pyroclastics
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rhyolitic
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what type of volcano has the steepest slope?
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cinder cone
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what type of volcano may produce a nuee ardente or a lahar?
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composite cone
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what type of volcano is composed mostly of pyroclastic material?
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cinder cone
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_____ cones, such as Sunset Crater, AZ, tend to have very steep slopes
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cinder
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magmas that produce____ rock contain about 50% cilica and tend to be quite ________.
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basalitic; fluid
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what type of volcano produces the most violent eruptions?
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compostite cone
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a volcano that takes the shape of a broad, domed structure is called a ______ volcano.
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shield
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what type of volcano is typically the smallest?
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cinder cone
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what type of volcano is the largest?
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shield
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which of the following is NOT a primary factor of magma that directly determines the nature of a volcanic eruption?
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volume
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what type of volcano is composed mostly of basaltic lava flow?
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shield
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this type of magma, with about a 60% silica content, tends to form composite cones
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andesitic
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exemplified by the Hawaiian Islands, this type of volcano tends to be the largest on Earth
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shield
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this type of volcano is composed of interbedded lavas and pyroclastic deposits
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composite cone
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