Geo 202 Lab Final

Front 1

Chemical Weathering

Back 1

Directly related to water. More precipitation (and higher temps help) = more chemical weathering

Front 2

Physical Weathering

Back 2

Directly related to average temperature. Colder temperatures = more physical weathering

Front 3

2 million years into the future, what items might one find in order of abundance (1st most abundant)

Back 3

Building material - concrete, plastic, glass, brick

Fossils

Personal items - laptops, phones

Infrastructure

Front 4

How to calculate how long something will take to weather

ex) Erosion rate of 20cm per 1000 years, cube is 230m tall

Back 4

23000cm x (1000yrs/20cm) = 1,150,100 years

Front 5

Give a factor that might cause a cube to weather assymetrically

Back 5

Wind, the blowing of sand particles bashing randomly against the surface causing erosion

Front 6

In terms of ENERGY, what's happening in the crust leading up to an earthquake to just after its occurence?

Back 6

Energy built up as rocks become stressed -> Stress comes from pulling or compression of rocks (elasticity) -> energy is released in form of seismic waves when stress becomes too much

Front 7

What should my neighbor know?

Back 7

- Population growing at high pace

- 1st law of thermodynamics: can't create something out of nothing, expensive to clean up pollution

- We are disrupting biogeochemical cycles often

Front 8

Mean Residence Time (yr)

Back 8

MRT = Reservoir Size/Flux

Front 9

What contains 99.99% of carbon in the carbon cycle?

Back 9

Lithosphere (carbonate rocks and cements, organically derived)

Front 10

Why does mass out equal mass in for global flux?

Back 10

Because its a cycle -> for the flow of the cycle to be effective, you can't lose net mass.

Front 11

% change calculation

Back 11

(New - Old)/New x 100

Front 12

% change SINCE a certain period

Back 12

Current - Specific Period/Specific Period x 100

Front 13

If fossil fuel emissions stabilized at current levels, would re-forestation offset CO2 in atmosphere?

Back 13

No, we would run out of space to plant trees. Fuel emissions are so high we'd literally run out of space to plant trees.

Front 14

What does a car require in terms of resources?

Back 14

Aluminum, Petroleum, iron ore (for steel), copper, rubber.

Lead, Iron, Oil are all locally sourced. Iron isn't.

Front 15

Why are the deep ocean and lithosphere similar?

Back 15

Because there's a slow turnover in both - longer lifespan for carbon molecules, as they've been residing there for millions of years.

Front 16

What is primarily causing the rising CO2 levels in the atmosphere?

Back 16

Anthropogenic sources - Burning of fossil fuels and deforestation

Front 17

How is rising CO2 levels affecting the ocean?

Back 17

It's acidifying the ocean -> CO2 is dissolved into the ocean and forms Carbonic Acid near the surface, which is killing marine life.

Front 18

What does fresh water do?

Back 18

Quenches our thirst, waters our crops, needed for some marine life, electricity generation

Front 19

Where does fresh water come from?

Back 19

Lakes, rivers, streams, aquifers - Who get their water from precipitation, glacier melt, and ground water infiltration

Front 20

How much water is 40% of the bow river's natural flow after evaporation?

Back 20

(Total Number - Evaporation) x (0.4)

Front 21

What are some anthropogenic sources that extract fresh water?

Back 21

Agriculture, civic use, commercial (golf courses), Oil industry

Front 22

Why is the mining industry so risky?

Back 22

Because of the costs to even initiate an investigation - roads to source, powerlines etc, protection for cyanide

Front 23

When assessing an ore body, what are some good assumptions to be made in order to evaluate profit and cost?

Back 23

1) Assume thickness of ore in all rocks is the same

2) Density of the ore

3) Price of ore is the same, to assess how much money the company will make at market value

Front 24

Why is the price of coal so much less than the price of oil?

Back 24

Scarcity - there's more coal than oil. Oil is also more difficult to acquire (drilling) rather than extracting coal from a coal mine.

Front 25

How can we mitigate fresh water scarcity?

Back 25

Dams, irrigation - to capture run-off. Idea is to preserve as much water as possible. Also, desalination plants (although pricey) are good techonological advancements are well

Front 26

Volume of a wire

Back 26

(pi) x (r)^2 x (h)

Front 27

What would we find in TFDL?

Back 27

Concrete, glass, iron, aluminum, gyprock, ceramic tiles

Front 28

What would we find in Earth Science?

Back 28

Concrete, gravel, gyprock, steel, glass, ceramic tiles

Front 29

Why would one find more concrete for building material than glass?

Back 29

Because concrete is a local resource in which there is an abundance, whereas glass is not -> made of sand

Front 30

Why would you see more asphalt used to build roads and concrete for sidewalks?

Back 30

Cost, durability.

Asphalt is cheaper and can be cheaper to fix. Concrete is sturdy, but is more expensive to lay down and fix.

Front 31

Why do tsunamis get stronger in shallower areas?

Back 31

Because amplitude increases and wavelength descreases -> creating a tall steep wave with tons of energy

Front 32

What is liquefaction?

Back 32

An effect associated with an earthquake:

Weak, poorly consolidated soils will shake and vibrate from the earthquake and weaken cohesiveness, causing water to rise up and behave like fluids

Front 33

Where would you see a landslide?

Back 33

Similar to liquefaction, but on hillsides where earthquake weakens the slope.

Front 34

Other hazards from earthquakes?

Back 34

Contamination of water, loss of communication, liquefaction, landslides, tsunamis, fires from broken electrical lines

Front 35

A sudden jolt in the house occurs, what are you experiencing?

Back 35

P-Wave, and you can expect R and L waves very soon.