Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Hard engineering |
Making a physical change to the coastal landscape using resistant materials like concrete, boulders, wood, and metal. Usually large scale and expensive. |
|
|
Soft engineering |
Using natural systems for coastal defence, such as beaches dunes and salt marshes which can absorb and as Just to wave energy. May be low tech and relatively cheaper |
|
|
Hold the line |
Maintaining or upgrading the level of protection provided by current defences |
|
|
Advance the line |
Building new defences seaward of the existing defence line |
|
|
Managed retreat (realignment) |
Allowing retreat of the shoreline with management to control or limit movement |
|
|
Do nothing |
A decision not to invest in providing or maintaining defences |
|
|
Sustainability |
Development which recognises that the needs of the present have to be met but doing this without affecting the needs of future generations |
|
|
ICZM |
Integrated coastal zone management comes from agenda 21 from the U.N. watch summit in rio 1992 |
