Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Bioinformatics |
The application of computational methods to the storage and analysis of biological data |
|
|
Genomics |
The study of whole sets of genes and their interactions |
|
|
Human genome project |
Began in 1990 and mostly completed by 2003. Carried out at 20 sequencing labs in six countries. Had 3 stages:
Genetic (or linkage) mapping Physical mapping DNA sequencing |
|
|
Linkage map |
A genetic map of a chromosome based on recombination frequencies. |
|
|
Map units |
Represent a 1% recombination frequency indicates the relative position and order of genes |
|
|
Physical map |
Showing absolute distance between genes is constructed by cutting a DNA molecule into many short fragments and arranging them in order by identifying overlaps |
|
|
Whole genome shotgun |
Developed by J Craig Ventor in 1992. This approach skips genetic and physical mapping and sequences all the random DNA fragments directly |
|
|
Metagenomics |
The sequencing of DNA from a whole group of species collected from a single environmental sample. This eliminates the need to culture species in lab- been used to sequencer the DNA of bacterial communities |
|
|
Genbank |
The largest database making data available online double sits data approx. every 18 months. Can use genbank to match:
A specific DNA sequence A predicted protein sequence Common stretches of amino acids in a protein |
|
|
Gene annotation |
The identification of protein coding genes within long DNA sequences |
|
|
Proteomics |
The systematic study of all proteins encoded by a genome and how they are regulated and interact in living organisms. |
|
|
Genome size |
Within each domain there is no systematic relationship between genome size and phenotype. Number of genes is not correlated with genome size |
|
|
Transposable elements |
Sequences that moved from one site to another in the genome; they are present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes |
|
|
Eukaryotic transposable elements |
Transposons- which move by means of a DNA intermediate. Can move by "cut and paste" or "copy and paste" Retrotransposons- which move by means of an RNA intermediate. Always move by "copy and paste"- results in an increased number of transposable elements in the genome |
|
|
Multigene families |
Collections of identical or very similar genes |
|
|
Lysozyme |
An enzyme that helps protect animals against bacterial infections. This was duplicated and revolved into the gene that encodes lactalbumin in mammals |
|
|
Lactalbumin |
A nonenzymatic protein that plays a role in milk production in mammals |
