Genetics: Science Of Heredity

Front 1

Gregor Mendel experimented with hundreds of pea plants to understand what process?

Back 1

heredity

Front 2

heredity

Back 2

The passing of traits from parents to offspring

Front 3

genetics

Back 3

scientific study of heredity

Front 4

traits

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physical characteristics

Front 5

What characteristic in pea plants make them good for studying the passing of traits from parent to offspring

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Peas have many traits that exist in only 2 forms

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pistil

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part of flower which produces the female sex cells or eggs

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stamen

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part of the flower which produces pollen, which contains the male sex cells

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Why did Mendel use purebreed plants in his experiments?

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He knew that the offspring's trait would always be identical to that of the parents.

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Mendel's Experiment (4 steps)

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Purebreed tall plants are crossed with burebreed short plants. F1 offspring are tall, F1 offspring are allowed to self-polinate. F2 offspring are tall and short plants.

Front 10

Other traits in garden peas that Mendel studied. (3)

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pod color, seed shape, flower position

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2 forms of the trait of seed shape in pea plants.

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Round and wrinkled

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T/F? Genes are factors that control traits

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True

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T/F? Alleles are different forms of a gene.

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True

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T/F? Dominant alleles always show up in the organism when the allele is present.

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True

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T/F? Recessive alleles mask dominant alleles.

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False

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T/F? Only pea plants that have 2 recessive alleles for short stems will be short.

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True

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purebred short

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2 alleles for short stems

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purebred tall

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2 alleles for tall stems

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hybrid tall

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1 allele for tall stems and 1 allele for short stems.

Front 20

How would a geneticist write allele to show that a tall pea plant has 1 allele for tall stems and 1 allele for short stems?

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Tt

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How is a dominant allele represented?

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with a capital letter

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How is a recessive allele represented?

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with a lowercase letter.

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T/F? Some scientists during Mendel's time thought Mendel should be called the Father of Genetics.

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false

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T/F? The importance of Mendel's work was not recognized until 34 years after he presented his results to a scientific society.

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true

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probability

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likelihood that a particular event will occur.

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probabilty of tossed coin landing heads up.

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1 in 2, 1/2, 50%

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T/F? when you toss a coin 20 times you will always get 10 heads up and 10 tails.

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false

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If you tiss a coin 5x and it lands heads up each time, can you expect the coin to land heads up on the 6th toss?

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Since the probability of it landing on heads isn't always the same, you cannot expect that.

Front 29

When Mendel crossed 2 hybrid plants for stem height (Tt), what results did he always get?

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The probability of such a cross producing a tall plant was 3 in 4.

Front 30

What did Mendel realize about the principles of probability?

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They could be used to predict the results of genetic crosses.

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Punnet square

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a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross.

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phenotype

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an organism's physical appearance or visible traits

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genotype

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an organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations

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homozygous

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describes an organism with 2 identical alleles for a trait

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heterozygous

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describes an organism that has 2 different alleles for a trait

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Mendel used what term to describe heterozygous pea plants?

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hybrid

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T/F?In codominance, the alleles are neither dominat nor recessive.

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true

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A black Erminette chicken is crossed with a white Erminette chicken. What color are the offspring?

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The offspring are white and black.

Front 39

In cattle, red hair and white hair are codominant. Cattle with both white hair and red hair are?

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heterozygous

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heredity

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the passing of traits from parents to offspring

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purebred

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an organism that always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as the parent

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hybrid

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aan organism that has 2 different alleles for a trait, heterozygous

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allele

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different forms of a gene

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codominance

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a condition in which neither of 2 alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive

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probability

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the likelihood that a particular event will occur

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genotype

Back 46

an organism's genetic makeup or allele combination

Front 47

phenotype

Back 47

an organism's physical appearance or visible traits

Front 48

dominant allele (trait)

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trait always shows up in the organism when it is present

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recessive allele (trait)

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an allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present