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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The instructions for making a component of the cell
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Gene
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Gene is physically embodied in?
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DNA
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Many genes spread along single DNA molecule
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Chromosome
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Entire collection of genes for a given organism
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Genome
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In what direction does genetic information flow?
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1. Heredity: from parent to progeny
2. Expression: during life of cell |
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Central Dogma
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DNA-->RNA-->Protein
Exceptions: Retroviruses RNA-->DNA |
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Anti-sense strand
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Template strand
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How is DNA read?
Made? |
3'-->5'
5'-->3' |
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Phosphodiester bond
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3'OH to 5'PO4
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What is the major force holding DNA together?
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Hydrophobic interactions between adjacent (stacked) base pairs
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1. Primary Structure of DNA
2. Secondary Structure of DNA 3. Tertiary Structure of DNA |
1. Linear polymer of deoxyribonucleotides
2. Double helix of DNA 3. Chromatin & Chromosomes |
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Which histone wraps the linker region of DNA?
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H1
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What makes-up a nucleosome?
What wraps around nucleosomes? |
"core" histones: "spool"
2 of each = 8 DNA as the "thread" |
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What are the order of structures from least condensed to most?
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Nucleosomes-->solenoid-->chromatin-->chromosome
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Highly packed, "silent" or NOT expressed regions of DNA for a given cell
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Heterochromatin
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Less tightly packaged, more accessible or EXPRESSED regions/genes of DNA for a given cell
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Euchromatin
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Cell with one copy of each chromosome
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Haploid
Humans is 23 |
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Cell with two copies of each chromosome
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Humans is 46
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Abnormal cell with more than 2 copies of EACH chromosome
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Multiple sets of 23
polyploid |
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What are the 2 types of repetitive spacer DNA?
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1. Dispersed: based on size of repeat units
2. Satellite (tandem): based on number of repeat units |
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What are 2 types of dispersed repetitive DNA?
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SINES: 90-500bp
LINES: less than 7000bp |
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What are the 3 types of satellite repetitive DNA?
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1. Micro-satellite: blocks of hundreds
2. Mini-satellite: blocks of thousands 3. alpha-satellite: blocks of millions |
