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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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epigenetics
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nature vs. nurture
new phenotypes produced by environmental effects or chromatin modeling |
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Central dogma of molecular biology
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DNA --> RNA --> protein
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Central dogma of functional genomics
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genomics --> transcriptomics --> proteomics
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systems biology
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interactome + metabolome
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microarray sequencing
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labeled RNA hybridized to DNA spotted on microarray plates
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protein identification
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mass spectrometry
co-precipitation reaction hybrid analyses FPLC |
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gene
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molecular unit of heredity
alleles that give rise to traits |
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transcriptional unit
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ORF+ regulatory regions
DNA sequence does not equal mRNA sequence 90% transcript not mRNA multiple transcripts possible from same DNA sequence (splicing) |
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Gene splicing
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eukaryotic gene highly interrupted
promoter/terminator on either end contain introns (spliced out) piecing together in different ways --> diff. transcripts |
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Histones
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DNA wrapped around histones
tightness/looseness depends on histone/chromatin alteration 5 histones highly conserved repeated in cluster in DNA |
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RNAi
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anti-sense transcripts
hybridize and regulate expression of transcript |
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Types of DNA
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genomic
organelle- mitochondrial, chloroplast single copy DNA- unique, coding cDNA repetitive- nontranscribed, tandem repeat families, transposons spacer - regulatory |
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Levels of control
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GENOTYPE pre-transcription --> transcription --> post-transcription --> transport --> translation --> post-translation PHENOTYPE
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hnRNA
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pre-mRNA
carries ORF has polyA tail (protects from degradation) |
