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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mammals are believed to distinguish one five basic tasters:
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sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami (the taste of monosodium glutamate)
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taste recognition is mediated by what?
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by specialized taste cells that communicate with several brain regions through direct connections to sensory neurons
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taste perception is a two step process
what are they? |
1. a taste molecule binds to a specific receptor on the surface of a taste cell
2. the taste cell generates a nervous impulse, which is interpreted by the brain |
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recent research has shown that taste sensation ultimately is determined by _______ rather than ________
so for example if a bitter taste receptor is expressed on the surface of a "sweet cell," a bitter molecule is perceived as tasting _____ |
by the wiring of the taste cell to the cortex
rather than the type of molecule bound by a receptor sweet |
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_______had synthesized some phenythiocarbamide (PTC) and some of the PTC dust escaped into the air as he was transferring it into a bottle
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author fox
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_____showed that the inability to taste PTC is a recessive trait that varies in the human population
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albert Blakeslee
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bitter tasting compounds are recognized by _____
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receptor proteins on the surface of taste cells
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there are approximately ____genes for different bitter taste receptors in mammals
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30
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the gene for the PTC taste receptor,____, was identified in 2003
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TAS2R38
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sequencing identified ______that vary within the human populations-
_______ is termed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) termed a ______ correlates most strongly with tasting ability |
3 nucleotide positions
each variable position is termed a SNP haplotype |
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analogous changes in other cell-surface molecules influence _____
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influence the activity of many drugs
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_____predict adverse responses to anti depression drugs, including ___&____
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SNP's in serotonin transporter and receptor genes
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in this experiment, a sample of HUMAN CELLS is obtained by _____.
DNA is extracted by boiling with ____, which binds _______ _____ is them used to amplify a short region of ______. the amplified product is digested with the ______, whose recognition sequence includes one of the ___ one allele is cut by the ___, and one is not-producing a ____ that can be separated on a ____ |
saline mouthwash
Chelix resin contaminating metal ions PCR polymerase chain reaction TAS2R38 gene restriction enzyme HaeIII SNPs enzyme restriction fragment length polymorphism RFLP 2% agarose gel |
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class results show how well ____
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PTC tasting ability conforms to classical mendelian inheritance and illustrates the modern concept of pharmacogenetics -where SNP genotype is used to predict drug response
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