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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. At what stage in meiosis do the centromeres divide and chromatids move to opposite poles?
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Anaphase II
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2. In humans, if genetic recombination did not occur during meiosis in either parent, the children of these parents would:
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still be different due to segregation
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3. If 20 cells in a human male and 20 cells in a human female underwent meiosis, how many functional gametes would have been produced by each? (male, female).
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male 80 and female 20
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4. A diploid species is 2N = 10. How many bivalents would be observed during meiosis?
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5
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5. Which of the following takes place in mitosis and meiosis?
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spliting of centromeres
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6. In which of the following does a chromosome consist of two chromatids?
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prophase and metaphase
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7. An organism with 2n = 42 would have and chromosomes in a cell after meiosis and mitosis, respectively.
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miosis 21
mitosis 42 |
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8. While examining a newly discovered plant species, the centromere on one of the chromosomes is observed to be close to the end of the chromosome. You classify this chromosome as a (an):
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acrosentric
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9. Two chromosomes of a species are the same length and have similar centromere placements, yet are not homologous. What is different about them?
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different genes
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10. Sunflower plant breeders have never been able to develop a thin-hulled sunflower seed without also obtaining a weak stemmed plant. This is most likely because:
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pleiotropic effects
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11. Millet is a very important food crop in many African countries. In this grain crop, there are two genes (loci) that control kernel color. A plant which is B_E_ produces red kernels. If a plant is homozygous recessive at the B locus, white kernels are produced regardless of the allele at the E locus, and B_ee produces yellow colored grain. A white kernel plant and a yellow kernel were crossed and produced « white grain progeny, 1/4 yellow grain progeny, and 1/4 red grain progeny. The parental genotypes were most likely:
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bbEe x Bbee
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12. In horses, the dominant allele W prevents coat color (resulting in white), and ww allows color to develop. At another locus, a dominant B produces a black coat and bb produces a chestnut. At yet another locus, the dominant O allele produces a solid colored horse, while oo gives white spots on color. If two white horses known to be heterozygous for these three genes are crossed, what proportion of the live progeny will be solid hestnut in color?
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3/64
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13. A unique gene in white clover produces multifoliate leaflets (leaves with 4 or more leaflets), rather than the standard 3 leaflet type (the proverbial 4 leaf clover). In a group of individuals homozygous for this gene, 70 percent of them produce multifoliate leaves. Sixty percent of these plants have 4 leaflets per leaf, 30 percent have 5 leaflets per leaf, and the remaining 10 percent have 6 leaflets per leaf. What can we conclude from this information?
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70
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14. In pigeons, the checkered pattern is dependent on a dominant allele C and a plain pattern on the recessive allele c. Red color is controlled by a dominant allele B and brown by the recessive allele b. A checkered, red pigeon is mated to a plain, red pigeon and produced the following progeny: 28 checkered, red; 11 checkered, brown; 33 plain, red; and 8 plain, brown. What are the most probable genotypes of the parents?
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15. In humans, if genetic recombination (crossing-over) did not occur during meiosis in either parent, the children of these parents would:
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be different due to segregation
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16. On his 18th birthday, a young man was told that he was adopted. He is able to trace his biological parents but unfortunately both of them are deceased. He does locate his paternal grandmother, an elderly woman with severely thinning hair. Which of the following is correct with respect to this young man expressing pattern baldness?
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less than 1/2
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17. After discovering his "roots" (a very, very bad pun), the young man in the previous question maintained contact with his paternal grandmother in order to learn more about his biological parents. He learned his mother had perished in an unfortunate car accident, but his father had dies due to Huntington's disease. Which of the following is accurate with respect to this young man?
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1/2
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18. Two chromosomes of a species are the same length and have similar centromere placements, yet are not homologous. What is different about them?
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genes
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19. One of the reasons Mendel was so successful was that he:
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evaluated traits that had discontinous or discrete phenotypes
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20. After moving into a new house, you found a bag of pea seed. Recalling fond memories of studying Mendel (yeah, right), you grew several plants from this seed in a garden plot. You selected the plants with the largest seed, saved seed from them, and planted another crop of peas. After several years of repeating this protocol, you noticed that the newest seeds were no larger than the original seed you had found. Why?
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peas are true breeding, therefore there is no genetic variation for seed size
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21. Cystic fibrosis is caused by a single recessive gene. A couple has a child with cystic fibrosis, who dies when she is eight years old. They want another child and are trying to decide whether to adopt or to have a second natural child. What are the chances that their second child will have cystic fibrosis?
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1/4
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22. Four babies were born on the same day in a hospital. Unfortunately, there was a mix-up with pairing babies to their parents. The ABO blood groups of both infants and parents are shown below. Which of the parental sets is the biological parents of infant 2?
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23. In eukaryotic organisms, chromatin is organized into nucleosomes through an interaction with protein octamers. Which of the following groups is involved in this level of organization?
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histones
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24. In the iris, leaf size is determined by 2 alleles. The genotype PP has large leaves, Pp produces medium leaves, and pp has small leaves. A cross was made between two plants each of which have medium leaves. Of the 80 progeny produced, how many had large leaves?
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1/4=20
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25. Two genes control fruit color in squash. A_B_ and A_bb are green, aaB_ are yellow and aabb are white. Two green squash were crossed and produced a ratio of 6 green: 1 yellow: 1 white. The genotypes of the green parents were:
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AaBb x Aabb
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26. Mendel's postulates about independent assortment and segregation can be described as pertaining to and , respectively.
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1. With complete dominance, what portion of the F2 from a trihybrid would be AABbCc?
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2. In certain Norwegian families there is an inherited condition known as "wooly hair." Those showing this character have hair which resembles sheep's wool. A study of family pedigrees shows that a person never has wooly hair unless at least one parent also has wooly hair. How would this character most likely be inherited?
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3. A man with AB blood type marries a woman with A blood type. His parents are AB and A types, while her parents are
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4. Ima Mendel-Tu, little known niece of Gregor, investigated flower colors in white clover. Unfortunately Ima did not read her uncle's manuscript and made critical mistakes in her protocol. Eventually it was discovered that a white flower is dominant to a red flower. In one experiment, Ima crossed two white flowered plants and obtained 48 white flower progeny and 16 red flower progeny. Since we know so much more than Ima, how many of the progeny plants from this cross would you expect to be true-breeding for the white flower trait?
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5. Recent studies of prairie dogs have revealed much information about the inheritance of several traits in these small animals. For instance, brown fur (B) is dominant to black (b), and shyness (or head-for-the-hole) is dominant (S) to bold (s). A brown, bold prairie dog mated with a black, shy prairie dog and they produce 9 brown, shy offspring and 10 black, shy offspring. What are the most probably genotypes of the two parents?
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6. In your job as a genetic counselor, you interview a man recently diagnosed with Huntington's disease. He asks you about the probability that his daughter has inherited this disease? What do you say?
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7. In frogs, webbed feet (W) is dominant to non-webbed feet (w) and short tongue (T) is dominant to long tongue (t). A long-tongued frog with webbed-feet mates with a short-tongued frog with non-webbed feet, and they have 21 short-tongued progeny with webbed-feet and 19 long-tongued progeny with webbed-feet. What are the most likely genotypes of the two parents?
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8. Under the microscope you see 4 single-chromatid chromosomes being pulles to opposite poles. Which phase does this description represents in a 2N=8 organism?
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9. As a research geneticist, you have determined that in a certain plant species the genes T and G determine height and seed color, respectively. If tall, yellow-seeded plants are crossed with dwarf, green-seeded plants, the progeny are either tall, yellow-seeded or dwarf, yellow-seeded. You self-fertilize the dwarf, green-seeded parents and produced only dwarf, green-seeded progeny. The most likely genotypes for the parental tall, yellow-seeded and dwarf, green-seeded plants are and , respectively.
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10. In which of the following does a chromosome consist of two chromatids
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11. In horses, the Palomino color is the result of incomplete dominance of the C locus. The homozygous dominant is chestnut and the homozygous recessive is albino. What phenotypic ratio would be expected from the mating of 2 Palomino types?
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12. In a continuation of recent mishaps, the new born ward in a certain Tampa hospital has some problems. Patient records have been lost/misplaced to such a degree that one infant with O blood is being claimed by 5 sets of parents. Which set of parents are most probably the biological parents of this baby?
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13. Sunflower plant breeders have never been able to develop a thin-hulled sunflower without also obtaining a weak
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14. Wart hogs with small snouts, when crossed together, produce approximately twice as many small-snouted progeny as large-snouted progeny. This is a consistent trend when sufficient progeny are produced. What type of inheritance does this suggest?
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15. In the following metabolic pathway for pigment production, the dominant alleles at the A and B loci produce functional enzymes, while the gene products for the recessive alleles at these loci do not function. What phenotypic ratio would be expected from crossing AaBb x aabb?
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16. In hyenas, there is a recessive allele for spotted coat; however, only 10% of hyenas homozygous for this allele have spots. Among those with spots, 20% have few spots, 30% have moderate spotting, and the remaining 50% are highly spotted. What can we conclude from this information?
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17. Two plants are found that both have a strange, but attractive, leaf coloration. In each plant, the coloration is found to be controlled by a single recessive gene. How could you determine whether the two genes responsible for this coloration were the same gene or different genes?
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18. In the following pathway for flower color pigment, a dominant allele at the A locus produces a functional enzyme which produces a red pigment, however, the recessive gene product is not functional. The same relationship exists for alleles at the B locus. Based on this information, what phenotypic ratio would you expect in progeny from the cross
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19. _________ brings homologous chromosomes close together in order to facilitate crossing-over to occur. _________ will end this ________ process.
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20. In a species where 2N=2X=4, you see 4 single-chromatid chromosomes being pulled to opposite poles of the cell. Which of the following phases does the above description represent?
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21. In the iris, leaf size is determined by 2 alleles. The genotype PP has large leaves, Pp produces medium leaves, and pp has small leaves. A cross was made between two plants each of which has medium leaves. Of the 80 progeny produced, how many had large leaves?
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22. Nucleosomes are structures composed of:
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23. An organism with 2n = 42 would have and chromosomes in a cell after meiosis and mitosis, respectively.
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24. Down Syndrome is _________.
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25. A recent study in goats found a brown pigment gene was dominant to black. This is the first dominant brown allele to be reported in ruminant animals, as all others have been recessive. A goat breeder mated a brown dam (mom) with a black sire (dad) and obtained 9 black and 11 brown progeny. Which of the following represent the most likely genotypes of these "old goats" (the parents)?
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