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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Genomics
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the field of genetics that attempts to understand the content, organization, function, and evolution of genetic information contained in whole genomes
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Structural Genomics
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concerns the organization and sequence of genetic information contained within a genome
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Genetic Maps
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provide a rough approximation of the locations of genes relative to the locations of other known genes, based on the genetic function of recombination
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Physical Maps
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based on the direct analysis of DNA and they place genes in relation to distances measured in number of base pairs, kilobases, or megabases
-higher resolution and are more accurate |
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Restriction Mapping
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restriction sites can be mapped by comparing DNA fragments produced by digestion with restriction enzymes used alone in various combinations
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Genome Sequencing Problems
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-only fragments (500-700 bp) can be sequences at a time
-must fragment genome into millions of small overlapping fragments -how to order the fragments once sequenced |
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Map-based Sequencing
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short sequenced fragments are assembled into a wholegenome sequence by first creating detailed genetic and physical maps of the genome, which provide known locations of genetic markers at regularly spaced intervals
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Whole-genome Shotgun Sequencing
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small-insert clones are prepared directly from genomic DNA and sequenced, examine overlap, they can be placed in plasmids which aresimple and easy to manipulate
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
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a site in the genome where individual members of a species differ in a single base pair
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Haplotype
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SNPs within a haplotype are physically linked and therefore tend to be inherited together
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Linkage Disequilibrium
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the nonrandom association between genetic variants within a haplotype
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Functional Genomics
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characterizes what the sequences do, identification of all the RNA molecules transcribed from a genome, called the transcriptome and all the proteins encoded by the genome, called the proteome
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Orthologs
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homologous genes found in different species that evolved from the same gene in a common ancestor
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Paralogs
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homologous genes in the same organism (arising by duplication of a single gene in the evolutionart past)
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Microarrays
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rely in nucleic acid hybridization, in which a known DNA fragment is used as a probe to find complementary sequences
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Reporter Sequences
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can be used to study the expression of a gene
-clone gene with its regulatory sequences -> replace coding region with reporter (GreenFluorescentProtein) -> insert into genome to create transgenic organism -> observe location of reporter |