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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
allele |
alternate forms of a gene for each variation of a trait of an organism |
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chromosome |
threadlike structure in a cell that contains the genetic information |
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codominance |
condition in which both alleles of a gene are expressed (results in both showing up) |
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crossing over |
exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids from homologous chromosomes during prophase one of meiosis; results in new allele combinations |
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diploid |
cell with two of each kind of chromosome; said to contain a diploid, or 2n, number of chromosomes |
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dominant |
observed trait of an organism that mask the recessive form of a trait |
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dihybrid cross |
a cross involving two different traits |
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DNA |
a self-replicating material that serves as the main constituent of chromosomes, it is the carrier of genetic information |
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egg |
haploid female sex cell produced by meiosis |
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fertilization |
fusion of male and female gametes |
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gamete |
male and female sex cells (eggs and sperm) |
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gene |
segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein |
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genetic recombination |
major sours of genetic variation amount organisms caused by re-assortment or crossing over during meiosis |
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genetics |
branch of biology that studies heredity |
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genotype |
combination of genes in an organism |
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haploid |
cell with one of each kind of chromosome; is said to contain a haploid or 'n' number of chromosomes |
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heredity |
passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring |
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heterozygous |
when there are two different alleles for a trait |
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homologous chromosome |
paired chromosomes with genes from the same traits arranged in the same order |
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homozygous |
when there are two identical alleles for a trait |
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hybrid |
offspring formed by parents having different forms of a specific trait |
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incomplete dominance |
inheritance in which neither allele is dominant over the other and a blending of traits occurs |
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law of independent assortment |
mendelian principle stating that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other |
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law of segregation |
mendelian principle explaining that because each plant has two different alleles, it can produce two different types of gametes; during fertilization, male and female gametes randomly pair to produce four combinations of alleles |
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meiosis |
type of a cell division where one body cell produces foor gametes, each containing half the number of chromosomes in a parents body |
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monohybrid cross |
a cross involving only one trait |
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nondisjunction |
failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis; results in gametes with too many or too few chromosomes |
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phenotype |
outward or physical appearance of an organism, regardless of its genes |
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pollination |
transfer of male pollen grains to the pistil of a flower |
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polyploidy |
a condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes (more common in plants than animals) |
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recessive |
trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait |
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sexual reproduction |
pattern of reproduction that involves the production of subsequent fusion of haploid cells |
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sperm |
haploid male sex cells produced by meiosis |
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trait |
characteristic that is inherited; can be either dominant or recessive |
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zygote |
diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg |