General Psychology (Quizes 1-3)

Front 1

Psychology is defined as the scientific study of
1) behavior and mental processes.
2) diagnosis and treatment of behavioral disorders.
3) conscious and unconscious mental processes.
4) the mind.

Back 1

1

Front 2

As a science, Psychology has four goals. Which of the following is NOT one of those goals?
1) eliminate behavior
2) explain behavior
3) predict behavior
4) control behavior

Back 2

1

Front 3

A __________ proposes a relationship among observed events.
1) science
2) theory
3) prediction
4) school of psychology

Back 3

2

Front 4

Theories allow psychologists to make __________ such as a client’s chance of recovery.
1) descriptions
2) explanations
3) predictions
4) beliefs

Back 4

3

Front 5

Dr. Rossini is developing a training program to help a young woman with mental retardation to sort clothes in the laundry of the residential facility in which she lives. Whenever she performs her job according to the protocol, she receives a reward. If she does not stay on task, she receives no reward. Applying the principles of learning theory to the direct modification of human conduct is referred to as
1) pure research.
2) basic research.
3) psychoanalysis.
4) the practice of psychology.

Back 5

4

Front 6

Applied research is research undertaken
1) with humans.
2) with lower animals.
3) for its own sake.
4) to find solutions to specific problems.

Back 6

4

Front 7

The difference between pure and applied research is the difference between
1) prediction and control.
2) practice and theory.
3) research for its own sake and research to solve specific problems.
4) application and adaptation.

Back 7

3

Front 8

School psychologists are employed by school districts to
1) develop achievement and aptitude tests.
2) identify and assist students who have problems that interfere with their learning.
3) study hereditary and environmental influences on the development of students.
4) develop instructional methods for teachers to employ.

Back 8

2

Front 9

__________ psychologists study the relationship between genetic and environmental factors on growth of the individual through the life span.
1) Biocultural
2) Personality
3) Developmental
4) Social

Back 9

3

Front 10

A theory that divides human behavior into two basic traits, introversion and extraversion, was probably formulated by a __________ psychologist.
1) developmental
2) personality
3) behavioral
4) clinical

Back 10

2

Front 11

Which of the following psychologists is most likely to conduct pure research?
1) experimental
2) organizational
3) consumer
4) human factors

Back 11

1

Front 12

Industrial psychologists and organizational psychologists study the behavior of people in
1) workplaces.
2) research laboratories.
3) universities.
4) court rooms.

Back 12

1

Front 13

A forensic psychologist may be involved in any of the following activities EXCEPT:
1) testing the mental health of a defendant in a criminal trial.
2) analyzing criminal behavior patterns.
3) consulting with attorneys about selecting jury members.
4) developing standardized intelligence tests.

Back 13

4

Front 14

Wilhelm Wundt founded the school of psychology called
1) functionalism.
2) psychoanalysis.
3) behaviorism.
4) structuralism.

Back 14

4

Front 15

Which of the following statements is most likely to have been made by a functionalist psychologist?
1) The mind is composed of discrete elements.
2) Perception is greater than the sum of its parts.
3) The only object of psychology is the study of behavior.
4) Adaptation to the environment is the purpose of mental processes and behavior.

Back 15

4

Front 16

Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution predicted that organisms that survived and reproduced were __________ than those less fit.
1) more intelligent
2) better adapted to the environment
3) more conscious of their surroundings
4) better at problem solving

Back 16

2

Front 17

John B. Watson argued for a psychology based on the study of
1) stream of consciousness.
2) unconscious mental processes.
3) measurable behavior.
4) sensation, feelings, and mental images.

Back 17

3

Front 18

John B. Watson established __________ as a school of psychology.
1) behaviorism
2) functionalism
3) structuralism
4) psychoanalysis

Back 18

1

Front 19

__________ psychologists are concerned with racism, sexism, and ageism.
1) Community
2) Personality
3) Forensic
4) Social

Back 19

4

Front 20

Cognitive psychologists are specifically interested in studying
1) animal learning and motivation.
2) human thinking and memory.
3) genetic and hormonal effects on behavior.
4) introspection and behavioral disorders.

Back 20

2

Front 21

The clinical psychologist’s aim in applying prediction and control principles to a client’s behavior is to
1) decide the treatment.
2) help the client meet his or her goals in treatment.
3) allow the client a narrow range of options for his or her behavior.
4) use a database to formulate a treatment for the client.

Back 21

2

Front 22

Both social-cognitive theorists and behaviorists adhere to the __________ perspective.
1) humanistic-existential
2) learning
3) neoanalytic
4) developmental

Back 22

2

Front 23

Jean Blake, a psychiatrist who is strongly influenced by the social-cognitive perspective, is most likely to take which approach in treating a male client who is extremely shy of females?
1) Observe and imitate models engaged in social interactions with women.
2) Condition positive emotional responses to women.
3) Uncover the unconscious conflicts in the approach and avoidance of women.
4) Prescribe that he take anti-anxiety medication before going out with a woman.

Back 23

1

Front 24

Eduardo DeLeon is engaged in scientific research involving the study of behavior and mental processes. DeLeon is a
1) psychotherapist.
2) psychoanalyst.
3) psychiatrist.
4) psychologist.

Back 24

4

Front 25

In terms of principles of critical thinking, the statement “Intelligence is genetically based” needs to be examined for its
1) assumptions or premises.
2) definition of intelligence.
3) oversimplification of the question.
4) all of these.

Back 25

4

Front 26

Which visual capacity do infants develop first?

1) following a moving light with their eyes

2) focusing on objects at a distance of 12 feet

3) color vision

4) depth perception

Back 26

1

Front 27

In research with two-month-old infants, you would probably find they prefer

1) a clown’s face to a printed word.

2) colored lines to a smiley face.

3) a red balloon to a green balloon.

4) criss-cross lines to a doll face.

Back 27

1

Front 28

Piaget described human thought in terms of two basic concepts:

1) logic and reason.

2) logic and emotion.

3) adaptation and affordances.

4) assimilation and accommodation.

Back 28

4

Front 29

Jean Piaget hypothesized that cognitive development progressed

1) as a slow lifetime process.

2) as a result of heredity.

3) as a quantitative change process.

4) as an orderly sequence of stages.

Back 29

4

Front 30

Other researchers have criticized Piaget’s theory because

1) he underestimated children’s abilities at younger ages.

2) he proposed a continuous progression in cognitive development.

3) his sequence of stages was not supported by research.

4) all of these.

Back 30

1

Front 31

A five-year-old is speaking on the telephone to his/her grandparent. The child holds up the picture they were describing and says to the grandparent “See.” According to Piaget, this demonstrates _____.

1) egocentrism

2) object permanence

3) animism

4) artificialism

Back 31

1

Front 32

Support for Kohlberg’s theory has been found in his view that

1) moral reasoning follows a developmental sequence.

2) most people reach the post conventional level.

3) there are no prerequisites for the post conventional level.

4) some people may skip stages.

Back 32

1

Front 33

Attachment is defined as

1) an enduring emotional tie.

2) basic trust.

3) a human bond.

4) a temporary bond.

Back 33

1

Front 34

Cocaine and amphetamines increase the production of which neurotransmitters?

1) GABA and endorphins

2) norephinephrine and dopamine

3) acetylcholine and endorphins

4) acetylcholine and GABA

Back 34

2

Front 35

Deficiencies in __________ have been linked to anxiety, mood disorders, eating disorders, and insomnia.

1) noradrenaline

2) acetylcholine

3) serotonin

4) dopamine

Back 35

3

Front 36

Jack just finished a 26-mile marathon. In spite of the physical strain he feels euphoric and elated due to the release of

1) serotonin.

2) dopamine.

3) endorphins.

4) acetylcholine.

Back 36

3

Front 37

The brain and spinal cord make up the

1) peripheral nervous system.

2) central nervous system.

3) autonomic nervous system.

4) sympathetic nervous system.

Back 37

2

Front 38

Sensory and motor messages that allow you to pick up your pen are transmitted by the

1) afferent and efferent nerves.

2) peripheral nervous system.

3) autonomic nervous system.

4) both a and b

Back 38

4

Front 39

The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are the

1) sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.

2) peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system.

3) somatic nervous system and the motor nervous system.

4) peripheral nervous system and the somatic nervous system.

Back 39

1

Front 40

When Charlotte hears something embarrassing, she blushes. Being a student of psychology, she knows that this condition is controlled by the

1) motor cortex.

2) autonomic nervous system.

3) somatosensory cortex.

4) motor nervous system.

Back 40

2

Front 41

You and a friend are studying psychology at the dining room table when you hear something stirring underneath it. You lean over to investigate, and a rat scurries across the floor. Which nervous system kicks into gear in both you and your friend?

1) the afferent nervous system

2) the parasympathetic nervous system

3) the sympathetic nervous system

4) the central nervous system

Back 41

3

Front 42

After a serious car accident, Dr. Murray tests the reflexes of an unconscious victim. Lack of response may indicate that he has injuries to his

1) cerebrum.

2) limbic system.

3) spinal cord.

4) frontal lobes.

Back 42

3

Front 43

After her stroke Cathy was no longer able to coordinate her dance movements. More than likely her __________ was damaged.

1) thalamus

2) cerebellum

3) medulla

4) amygdala

Back 43

2

Front 44

A patient comes to his doctor complaining of visual difficulties. After a thorough examination the ophthalmologist finds no anatomical problem in the patient’s eyes. The doctor therefore refers the patient to a neurologist to investigate possible damage to his

1) parietal lobe.

2) frontal lobe.

3) temporal lobe.

4) occipital lobe.

Back 44

4

Front 45

Wernicke’s aphasia causes

1) impairment of one’s ability to comprehend speech and to think of the proper words to express their own thoughts.

2) one to speak slowly and laboriously in simple thoughts.

3) serious impairment in reading.

4) an inability to segment words in sounds while reading.

Back 45

1

Front 46

Which of the following would not be possible without the functioning of the nervous system?

1) ideals, thoughts, and plans

2) imagery and cognitions

3) behaviors, emotions, and cognitions

4) all of these

Back 46

4

Front 47

A(n) _________ is a nerve cell.

1) axon

2) neuron

3) dendrite

4) glial cell

Back 47

2

Front 48

The neurotransmitter(s) linked to pleasure and alleviation of pain is (are)

1) norephinephrine.

2) endorphins.

3) serotonin.

4) acetylcholine.

Back 48

2

Front 49

A newborn shows a preference for his/her mother’s voice rather than the father’s voice. This is most likely the result of

1) an inability to hear until after birth.

2) learning to recognize the mother’s voice because of more exposure to these sounds before birth.

3) an inability to hear lower pitched tones as in a male’s voice.

4) liking mom more than they like dad.

Back 49

2

Front 50

Damage to the __________ can prevent an individual from being aroused and possibly lead to a coma.

1) thalamus

2) reticular activation system

3) hypothalamus

4) septum

Back 50

2

Front 51

_______________is stimulation of the sense receptors; perception is an inner representation of the world.

1) Adaptation

2) Organization

3) Sensation

4) Cognition

Back 51

3

Front 52

The ________ __________ is the minimum amount of stimulation needed to produce a sensation.

1) absolute threshold

2) difference threshold

3) Weber’s threshold

4) darkness threshold

Back 52

1

Front 53

Which of the following is a prediction of Weber's constant for noticing differences?

1) A person of 200 pounds would have to lose twice as much weight as a person of 100 pounds in order for the difference to be noticed.

2) The maximum difference in stimuli that can be detected is the same for all senses.

3) The constant is the same for all sense modalities.

4) Motivation, attention, and past experience are factors in the constant.

Back 53

1

Front 54

A psychological factor in signal detection is focusing your _________ on stimuli that you consider important.

1) attention

2) feature detectors

3) perception

4) threshold

Back 54

1

Front 55

Wallace lives near a major railroad changing station. He is desensitized to the noise of the roaring trains. What has taken place?

1) positive adaptation

2) negative adaptation

3) signal detection

4) just noticeable difference

Back 55

2

Front 56

Light first passes through the outer surface of the eye called the ___________.

1) cornea

2) retina

3) pupil

4) iris

Back 56

1

Front 57

As you leave a darkly lit movie theater and enter the parking lot on a bright sunny day, the ______ in your eyes adjust so you are not blinded by the increase in light.

1) retina

2) fovea

3) pupils

4) optic nerve

Back 57

3

Front 58

________ are the photoreceptors that allow us to see black and white; ______ are the photoreceptors that allow us to see colors.

1) Cones; rods

2) Rods; cones

3) Ganglion cells; bipolar cells

4) Bipolar cells; ganglion cells

Back 58

2

Front 59

To avoid the heat it is better to wear white clothing as opposed to black when out in the sun. This is true because

1) black reflects light whereas white reflects little light.

2) white absorbs the light.

3) white reflects a lot of light whereas black reflects little light.

4) none of these.

Back 59

3

Front 60

On theories of color vision, the weight of evidence tends to support

1) opponent-process theory.

2) trichromatic theory.

3) neural rebound effect.

4) opponents process and trichromatic theories as partially correct.

Back 60

4

Front 61

When psychologists talk of focusing on a particular stimulus, they are referring to

1) selective attention.

2) sensory awareness.

3) stream of thought.

4) all of these.

Back 61

1

Front 62

Certain kinds of stimuli have been found to capture people’s attention more easily than others. Among these are __________ stimuli.

1) intense

2) novel

3) repetitive

4) all of these

Back 62

4

Front 63

According to Freud, some mental events are unavailable to us under almost all circumstances. These are in the

1) nonconscious.

2) unconscious.

3) preconscious.

4) subconscious.

Back 63

2

Front 64

A circadian rhythm is

1) a cycle of lunar phases.

2) an old method of birth control.

3) a cycle connected to the 24-hour period of earth’s rotation.

4) a cycle of wakefulness based on meteorological conditions.

Back 64

3

Front 65

When you wake up, and you feel as if you have not slept at all,

1) you were probably awakened while still in stage one.

2) you stayed in stage two of your sleep cycle.

3) you stayed in stage three of your sleep cycle.

4) you were constantly awakened by sleep spindles.

Back 65

1

Front 66

The deepest sleep, and the one from which it is hardest to be awakened, is

1) stage 1.

2) stage 4.

3) the hypnagogic state.

4) REM sleep.

Back 66

2

Front 67

Deprivation of REM sleep in humans

1) can cause epileptic seizures.

2) interferes with learning and memory.

3) allows most individuals to handle stress better.

4) all of these.

Back 67

2

Front 68

Which of the following statements about insomnia is true?

1) insomnia can be caused by narcolepsy.

2) insomnia can be caused by REM deprivation.

3) men typically suffer more from insomnia than do women.

4) people compound their sleep problems when they try to force themselves to fall asleep.

Back 68

4

Front 69

Today, hypnotism is used to

1) help people control weight and quit smoking.

2) help manage Alzheimer’s disease.

3) help people overcome fear and anxiety, and control pain.

4) both a and c

Back 69

4

Front 70

Role theory and response set theory of hypnosis are supported by which of the following research findings?

1) Suggestible people have vivid imaginations.

2) Suggestible people are good role players.

3) Suggestible people know what is expected of them.

4) All of these

Back 70

4

Front 71

The part of the eye that changes its thickness to adjust an image to make it clearer is the________.

1) lens

2) retina

3) iris

4) cornea

Back 71

1

Front 72

The loudness of a sound is determined by the __________ of sound waves.

1) frequency

2) amplitude

3) consonance

4) dissonance

Back 72

2

Front 73

Following a long period of playing lead guitar in his rock band, Orpheus showed diminished hearing in particular frequencies. He most likely suffers from

1) conductive deafness.

2) strabismus.

3) stimulation deafness.

4) sensorineural deafness.

Back 73

4

Front 74

Cochlear implants, or “artificial ears,” restore hearing by

1) stimulating the bones of the middle ear.

2) amplifying the vibrations at the oval window.

3) amplifying the sounds through the bony cochlea.

4) stimulating the auditory nerve directly.

Back 74

4

Front 75

The four qualities of taste are

1) bitter, spicy, sweet, and sour.

2) salty, bitter, sweet, and hot.

3) sweet, sour, bitter, and salty.

4) sweet, sour, spicy, and hot.

Back 75

3