General Psychology Chapters 1 & 2

Front 1

Developmental Psyc

Back 1

studies how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death

Front 2

Personality Psyc

Back 2

focuses on the consistency in people's behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another

Front 3

Health Psyc

Back 3

explores the relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments or disease

Front 4

Clinical Psyc

Back 4

deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders

Front 5

Counseling Psyc

Back 5

focuses primarily on educational, social, and career-adjustment problems

Front 6

Social Psyc

Back 6

study of people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others

Front 7

Cross-cultural Psyc

Back 7

investigates the similarities and differences in psychological functioning in and across various cultures and ethnic groups

Front 8

Which subfield of psychology matches: What teaching methods most effectively motivate elementary school students to successfully accomplish academic tasks?

Back 8

educational psychology

Hint 8

a. experimental psychology
b. cognitive psychology
c. educational psychology
d. industrial psychology

Front 9

Which subfield of psychology matches: it is thought that pornographic films that depict violence against women may prompt aggressive behavior in some men.

Back 9

social psychology

Hint 9

a. behavioral psychology
b. social psychology
c. personality psychology
d. school psychology

Front 10

Which subfield of psychology matches: Joan, a college freshman, is worried about her grades. She needs to learn better organizational skills and study habits to cope with the demands of college.

Back 10

counseling psychology

Hint 10

a. health psychology
b. clinical psychology
c. counseling psychology
d. developmental psychology

Front 11

Which subfield of psychology matches: At what age do children generally begin to acquire an emotional attachment to their fathers?

Back 11

developmental psychology

Hint 11

a. health psychology
b. clinical psychology
c. counseling psychology
d. developmental psychology

Front 12

Which subfield of psychology matches: The teachers of 8-year-old Jack are concerned that he has recently begun to withdraw socially ad to show little interest in school work

Back 12

school psychology

Hint 12

a. behavioral psychology
b. social psychology
c. personality psychology
d. school psychology

Front 13

Which subfield of psychology matches: Jessica is asked to develop a management strategy that will encourage safer work practices in an assembly plant.

Back 13

industrial psychology

Hint 13

a. experimental psychology
b. cognitive psychology
c. educational psychology
d. industrial psychology

Front 14

Which subfield of psychology matches: Luis is unique in his manner of responding to crisis situations, with an even temperament and a positive outlook.

Back 14

personality psychology

Hint 14

a. behavioral psychology
b. social psychology
c. personality psychology
d. school psychology

Front 15

Which subfield of psychology matches: Janette's job is demanding and stressful. She wonders if her lifestyle is making her more prone to certain illnesses, such as cancer and heart disease.

Back 15

health psychology

Hint 15

a. health psychology
b. clinical psychology
c. counseling psychology
d. developmental psychology

Front 16

Which subfield of psychology matches: A psychologist is intrigued by the fact that some people are much more sensitive to painful stimuli than others are.

Back 16

experimental psychology

Hint 16

a. experimental psychology
b. cognitive psychology
c. educational psychology
d. industrial psychology

Front 17

Which subfield of psychology matches: What chemicals are released in the human body as a result of a stressful event? What are their effects on behavior?

Back 17

behavioral neuroscience

Hint 17

a. behavioral psychology
b. social psychology
c. personality psychology
d. school psychology

Front 18

Which subfield of psychology matches: A strong fear of crowds leads a young man to seek treatment for his problem.

Back 18

clinical psychology

Hint 18

a. health psychology
b. clinical psychology
c. counseling psychology
d. developmental psychology

Front 19

Which subfield of psychology matches: What mental strategies are involved in solving complex word problems?

Back 19

cognitive psychology

Hint 19

a. experimental psychology
b. cognitive psychology
c. educational psychology
d. industrial psychology

Front 20

Who laid the foundation of psychology?

Back 20

Wilhelm Wundt

Hint 20

a. Wundt
b. James
c. Ebbinghaus
d. Wertheimer

Front 21

What were the early perspectives that guided the work of psychology?

Back 21

structuralism, functionalism, and gestalt

Front 22

What does the neuroscience approach focus on?

Back 22

the biological components of the behavior of people and animals

Front 23

Psychodynamic perspective

Back 23

behavior is motivated by unconscious inner forces over which the individual has little control

Front 24

Behavioral perspective

Back 24

undeerstanding behavior in terms of the principles of learning

observable, measurable behavior

Front 25

Cognitive perspective

Back 25

understanding behavior in terms of cognitive events

approaches behavior consider how people know, understand, and think about the world

Front 26

Humanistic perspective

Back 26

emphasizes that people are uniquely inclined toward psychological growth and higher levels of functioning and that they will strive to reach full potential

Front 27

"It is behavior that can be observed that should be studied, not the suspected inner workings of the mind." This statement was most likely made by someone with which perspective?

Back 27

behavioral perspective

Hint 27

a. cognitive
b. neuroscience
c. humanistic
d. behavioral

Front 28

Wundt described psychology as the study of conscious experience, a perspective he called _________.

Back 28

structionalism

Front 29

Early Psychologists studied the mind by asking people to describe what they were experiencing when exposed to various stimuli. This procedure was known as ________.

Back 29

introspection

Front 30

Gestalt Psychology

Back 30

thinking in a "whole" sense rather than on the individual elements of perception

Front 31

Humanistic Psychology

Back 31

suggests all individuals naturally strive to grow, develop, and be in control of their lives and behavior

Front 32

Who studied memory and was the first female president of the APA?

Back 32

Mary Calkins

Hint 32

a. Margaret Floy Washburn
b. Mary Calkins
c. Anna Freud
d. Lillian Gilbreth

Front 33

An explanation for a phenomenon of interest is known as ____.

Back 33

Theory

Front 34

Operational Definition

Back 34

the translation of a hypothesis into specific, testable procedures that can be measured and observed.

Front 35

Independent Variable

Back 35

Manipulated

Front 36

Dependent Variable

Back 36

Measured

Front 37

Naturalistic Observation:

Disadvantage:

Back 37

looking at behavior in its true setting without intervening in the setting

people's behavior can change if they know they are being watched

Front 38

Survey Research:

Disadvantage:

Back 38

directly asking a sample of people questions about their behavior

people may lie in order to present a good image

Front 39

Case Study:

Disadvantage:

Back 39

doing and in-depth investigation of a person or small group

the researcher may not be able to generalize to the population at large

Front 40

Archival Research :

Disadvantage:

Back 40

examining existing records to test a hypothesis

the data may not exist or may be unusable

Front 41

Three benefits of using animals in psychological research

Back 41

(1) With animal subjects we have greater control over environmental and genetic factors. (2) Large number of similar participants can be easily obtained. (3) We can look at generational effects more easily in animals, because of their shorter life span, than we can with people.

Front 42

A false treatment, such as a pill that has no significant chemical properties or active ingredient, is known as a ________.

Back 42

Placebo

Front 43

Step one of the Psychology Scientific Method

Back 43

Identify questions of interest stemming from: (1) behavior and phenomenon requiring explanation, (2) prior research findings, (3) curiosity, creativity, insight

Front 44

Step two of the Psychology Scientific Method

Back 44

Formulate and explanation (1) specify a theory (2) develop a hypothesis

Front 45

Step three of the Psychology Scientific Method

Back 45

Carry out research (devise an operational definition of the hypothesis, select a research method, collect the data, and analyse the data)

Front 46

Step four of the Psychology Scientific Method

Back 46

communicate the findings

Front 47

Correlation does not.....

Back 47

equal causation

Front 48

Standard Deviation

Back 48

measure of dispersion that takes into account of how far each data point is from the mean

Front 49

Inferential Statistics

Back 49

math methods that allow us to determine whether we can generalize findings from our sample to the full population

Front 50

T-test

Back 50

a type of inferential statistic used to compare two different means to each other

Front 51

Type 1 error

Back 51

in hypothesis testing, rejecting a TRUE null hypothesis that should be RETAINED

Front 52

Type 2 error

Back 52

In hypothesis testing, retaining a FALSE null hypothesis that should be REJECTED

Front 53

Statistical Significance

Back 53

The larger the difference, the less likely to be attributable

Front 54

Variance

Back 54

a numerical way of describing the degree in which the scores in a data set differ or fluctuate from the mean value