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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are 7 types of diagnosis?
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1) Differential
2) Tentative -working 3) Presumptive 4) Etiological (agent) 5) Anatomic 6) Open (have no idea) 7) Undetermined |
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What are 4 methods to reaching a diagnosis?
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1) Pattern recognition
2) Hypothetic-deductive reasoning -algorithm 3) Exhaustive method 4) Problem-oriented |
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What is an example of a condition that can be diagnosed via pattern recognition?
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Endocrine alopecia- Cushing's
-more you see it the recognize it, problem is won't recognize if never seen before |
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What is the method hypothetic-deductive reasoning?
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Think of as a path that you follow with your thinking and is guided by diagnostic work ups
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What is the exhaustive method of diagnosis?
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Go back and exam the patient over and over again and rule everything out- look at everything you can think of and hopefully find something
-Time is a huge issue here |
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Problem-oriented diagnostics is a subcategory of the _______ method.
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Exhaustive method
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What is the problem-oriented diagnostic method?
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-Expanded by hypothetic-deductive method: sequence of reasoning from one exam to the next
-Rigid sequence: have to take 1 step after the next and forces you to think and explain -with experiences tart to skip steps -problems pursued independently |
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When is problem-oriented diagnostics used?
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With teaching: reasoning is apparent bc everything is in order and eases communication
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What does the initial database of the problem-oriented method of diagnostics include?
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1) Detailed history
-everything -ask same question in different ways 2) Complete physical exam |
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When listing the problems (part of problem-oriented diagnostic approach) what does the problem consist of?
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Everything that concerns:
-Patient -Client -Veterinarian |
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At what level should a problem-list be constructed?
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At the level they're understood
e.g. abdominal distention VS abdominal mass VS neoplasia VS carcinoma |
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What are 3 components to describing a problem?
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1) Chronicity (duration)
2) Character (describe) 3) Concern (severity, frequency) |
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Is anorexia, weight loss and lethargy good clinical signs to pivot the problem off of when trying to reach a diagnosis using the problem-oriented strategy?
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No, because they're not specific to any disease
-want to make it specific to an organ or body system |
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What are the different ways to sub-group your differential diagnoses?
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-where? e.g. abdominal mass
-what? e.g. pleural fluid -DAMNIT |
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What does the D in DAMNIT stand for?
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Degeneration
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What does the A in DAMNIT mean?
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Anomaly
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What 3 things does the M in DAMNIT stand for?
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1) Metabolic
2) Mechanical 3) Motor |
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What does the N in DAMNIT stand for?
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Neoplasia, nutritional
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What 6 things does the I in DAMNIT stand for?
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1) Idiopathic
2) Iatrogenic 3) Inflammatory 4) infectious 5) immune mediated 6) Infarct (vascular) |
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What 3 things does the T in DAMNIT stand for?
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1) Trauma
2) Toxins 3) Temperature |
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If you were to use the scheme DAMN IT VP, what does the VP stand for?
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V: vascular
P: physical, physiological, pharmacological |
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You should rank your differentials according to what 5 things?
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1) Age
2) Breed 3) Season 4) Gender 5) Chronicity |
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How should you formulate a diagnostic plan?
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Rule-in or Rule-out
Prioritize -most likely disease -tests that split the differentials in half -Good tests -Non-invasive & cheap first |
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What are the 7 steps to a problem-oriented approach to diagnostics?
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1) Obtain initial database
2) List problems 3) List differentials 4) Rank differentials 5) Formulate diagnostic plan 6) Formulate therapeutic plan 7) Update 2-6 as get results back |
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Where is the master problem list located in your records?
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Front of medical record (index or table of contents)
-All problems should be listed |
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When recording a problem, what aspects should be included?
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Sign, physiological abnormality, physical finding, laboratory abnormality
-number, date, problem, date of resolution or refinement |
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What makes a problem on the problem list a major problem?
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Life-threatening
Life-altering |
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What defines a minor problem?
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Acute, self-limiting, temporary
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When do you keep progress notes on an animal in your records?
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Hospitalized patients
-narrative progress of each problem -Problems are numbered, dated and titled -info entered chronologically |
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What does SOAPP stand for?
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S: Subjective information
O: Objective data A: Assessment P: Plans (diagnostic & therapeutic) P: Pain |
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What are 4 examples of subjective information?
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1) History
2) Observations 3) Complaints 4) Activity |
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What are 3 examples of objective data?
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1) Physical exam
2) Laboratory results 3) Other tests (that get to a number or give yes or no answer like a SNAP test) |
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What are 3 examples of assessment (SOAPP)?
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1) Diagnosis
2) ID of the problem based on SO 3) Prognosis |
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What is included in the plan (SOAPP)?
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1) Diagnostic plan
-Further diagnostic procedures -List of rule-outs at the time 2) Therapeutic plan -Plans for treatment -Treatment actually performed including drug, dosages, length of therapy, goals of therapy |
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What are the two components of pain (SOAPP)?
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Assess (SOA)
Treat -planned therapy -Therapy employed |
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When do you utilize the SOAPP method?
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In the hospital
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