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46 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
volts =
Q (charge)/ C
dot product/scalar product

A dot B
AxBx + AyBy + AzBz

ABcosθ
vector/cross product

A cross B
(AyBz-AzBy)i + (AzBx-AxBz)j + (AxBy-AyBx)k
gradient
vector field that points in the direction of greatest increase, dot product of (Function) and (d/dx, d/dy, d/dz)
symbol for gradient
down side up triangle
Flux
surface intergal of a vector dot product da (infinitesimal surface which is normal to the surface)
zero divergence
soleniod
Coulombs Law
F=kQq/r^2
E field intensity related to charge
E=F/Q
Electrostatic field is
conservative
Electric Potential
potential energy per unit charge, usually measured in volts
electric dipole moment
point from negative charge to positive chargem
magnetic dipole moment
point through the loop with a magnitude equal to the current in the loop times the area of the loop
electric dipole moment
F=Kq/r^2
total charge
intergal of charge density with repect to area
in static equibrium, macroscopic electric field inside a conductor
is zero
induced charges
charges appearing on surface of material due to the presence of external field
Gauss Law
prove field outside an isolated and spherically symmetrical charged ion is exactly the same as it all its charge were concentrated at the center
flux =
E*area*cos, can be an intergal
Dipolar Polarisability
usually fluids, water, one end of molecule is slightly positive, 1 slightly negative, charges are equal and opposite, In an E fild, force will act on the charge, forces are opposite, so no net force but there is torque P=qa(distance)-dipole moment,
T=pxE=axq.E, a is distance between two charges
Ionic Polarisability
salt, ions, if a field is applied going to the right, postive charges move to the right and negative charges move to the left, this will lengthen some dipole moments, and shorten other, giving a net effect
Atomic Polarisability
Cloud of electrons move aways from field, creating a dipole moment
Polorization is the total dipole moment, divided by volume
associated with displacement of charges
Capasitors
store charge, the more charge, the better capasitor
Increase dielectric constant
to have a higher capastitance
For air, dielectric constant
approximately 1
Uniquness theorum
Solution of Laplace equation is unique if boundry equation givens
Current (moving charges) feels a force in the presence of another current
or permiabbly magnetic materials (related to permanent microscopic currents) Magnetic fields just a convience to define these forces
no magnetic
monopoles!!!
Ferromagnetic
Fe, Ni, increases field when put in field
Diamagentic
10^-5 effect on field/glass
Paramagentic
10^-5 decrease on field
In a magnetic field, a diamagnetic material and paramagnetic
forms dipole moments in opposition to field. In paramagnet have constant dipole, stronger than induced, so attracted
Magnetisation
magnitude of dipole moment in direction of field X N
Nuclear magnetization
can neglect
most atoms in isolation have magnetic moments
as they have total angular momentum non-zero
In solids, filled shells lead to magnetic
moments
In Fe, Ni, in unfilled shells
momentum is non zero, permant magnetic dipole moments
magnetic dipole=0
for all diamagetic in no field
Average induced dipole moment
This is for all electrons in atom, Can now get magetization, which is just Nxaverage induced dipole moment.
Paramagentision
Orientation of dipole moments in no field is random. In a B field, these moments will align with field. Field will induce moments, but their effect is less than that of a permanent dipole
Curie Temperature
below this temp, spins are alinged in domains. Result of strong interaction between free electrons and lattice electrons, need quatum, so not explained
change in magnetic field
cause current, electromagnetic induction
magnet approach wire
current was induced, induced current always opposes change in magnetic field, Lenz rule
Induced current
means induced electric field
the faster the wire loop moves
the greater the current