General Biology Exam Review

Front 1

Metric System of Measurement

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The ratios between units of measurements are multiplied of 10.

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Technology

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Application of scientific research to society's needs and problems

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Control Group

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Part of the experiment that's the standard against which results are compared.

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Scientific Theory

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A theory that explains scientific observation.

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Tundra Biome

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Surrounds the north and south poles; treeless land with long summer days and short periods of winter.

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Limiting Factor

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Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence, numbers, reproduction, or distribution of organisms.

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Photic Zone

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Portion of the marine biome that's shallow enough for sunlight to penetrate.

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Primary Succesion

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New substrate devoid of vegetation and other organisms usually lacking soil, such as a lava flow or area left from retreated glacier, is deposited.

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Pioneer Community

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Variety of plants, animals, and fungi that first colonized a barren habitat.

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Deciduous

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Drop all their leaves each fall or when water source is scare

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Taiga

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Forms an almost continuous belt of coniferous, just south of the tundra

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Climax Community

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A stable, mature community that undergoes little to no change.

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Range of Tolerance

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Ability of an organism to withstand fluctuations in biotic and abiotic environment factors.

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Aphotic Zone

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Deep water that never receives sunlight.

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Biodiversity

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Variety of life in an are, usually measured as the number of species that live in an area.

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Temperate Deciduous Forest

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Forest that are dominated by trees that lose their leaves each year.

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Terrestrial

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Living or growing on the land

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Habitat Fragmentation

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Habitat loss results in the division of large, continuous habitat into smaller, more isolated.

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Habitat Degradation

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Loss of quality of the resources and necessities of a population or ecosystem.

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Exotic Species

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Plant or species introduced into an are where they don't occur normally.

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Evolution

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Gradual change in a species through adaptation over time.

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Homeostasis

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Characteristics of life because it's a process that occurs in all living things.

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Growth

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Results in an increase in the amount of living material and the formation of new structure.

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Development

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All changed that take place during the life of an organism,

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Reproduction

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Production of an offspring

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Ethics

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Refers to the moral principles and values held by humans.

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Hypothesis

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AN explanation for a question or a problem that can be tested.

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Experiment

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Investigation that tests a hypothesis by the process of collecting info under controlled conditions.

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Quantitative Research

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Any kind of data that can be measured numerically.

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Independent Variable

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The only factor that affects the outcome of the experiment.

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Transpiration

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When a plant absorbs water in its roots.

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Commercialism

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One species is neither harmed nor benefited.

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Mutulism

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Both species benefit

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Parasitism

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One species benefits at the expense of another.

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Competition

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Relationship among living things for resources

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Niche

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All strategies and adaptations a species uses in the environment.

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Ecosystem

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Made up of interacting population in a biological community and the community's abiotic factors.

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Predator

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An organism that preys upon another.

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Habitat

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The place where n organism lives out its life.

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Herbivore

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Animal that consumes vegetation

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Consumer

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Organism that generally obtains food by feeding on another organism.

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Decomposer

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Feeds on dead or decaying organims

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Aquatic

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Pertaining to water

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Secondary Succesion

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Sequence of changes that take place after an existing community is severely disturbed.

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Carrying Capacity

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Number of organisms of one species that an environment can support indefinalty

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Rapid Life History Strategy

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Small body size, mature rapidly, reproduce early, have short life span

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Slow Life History Stragey

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Large species that live in more stable environments usually have slow life-history patterns.

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Exponential Growth

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The population grows faster as it increases in size.

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Habitat Loss

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No longer able to support the species, resulting int he displacement or destruction of its biodiversity.

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Reintroduction Programs

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Release organisms into an area where the species once lived.

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Nucleus of an Atom

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Region found in the center of the atom, makes up the majority of an atom's mass.

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Electron Cloud

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Electrons when they go around the nucleus of an atom.

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Protien

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Provides structure for tissues and organs and helps carry out cell metabolism,large complex polymer essentials to call life composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.

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Amino Acid

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Basic building blocks of protein molecules.

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pH

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Measure of how acidic or basic a solution is.

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Isotope

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Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus.

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Acid

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Any substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in water.

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Base

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Any substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in water.

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Carbonhydrate

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Organic compound used by cells to store and release; composed of carbons, hydrogen and oxygen.