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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Energy |
Capacity to do work |
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Two States of Energy |
Kinetic: Motion Potential: Stored |
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Forms of Energy |
Hear, light, and chemical |
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Heat Energy |
Kilocalories |
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One calorie = |
the amount of heat to elevate the temperature of 1 gram of water at degrees Celcius |
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1 Kilocalorie = |
1000 calories |
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1 calorie = |
1 kilocalorie |
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Oxidation |
Loss of an electron |
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Reduction |
Gain of an electron |
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Thermodynmics |
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be converted. |
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Entropy |
Always increases, conversions are never 100% "You can't break energy" |
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Free Energy |
The energy available to do work |
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Enthalpy |
Chemical bond energy |
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Chemical Reactions |
The transfer of energy |
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Endergonic Reactions |
Requires energy input, products with more free energy than reactants so G is positive |
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Exergonic Reaction |
Releases free energy, reactants with more free energy than products G is negative |
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Activation Energy |
Extra energy destabilizes existing bonds |
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Catalysts |
lower the activaton energy of a reaction |
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without catalysts |
200 molecules per hour |
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with catalysts |
600,000 molecules per second |
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ATP |
Adenosine triphosphate |
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Structure of ATP |
ribose, a 5 carbon sugar, adenine, and three phosphates |
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What makes ATP so energetic? |
negative charges on the phosphate groups |
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Catalysts reactions in living cells... |
are not changed or consumed, most are proteins, and lower the activation energy |
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Substrate |
Undergoes a reaction |
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Active Site |
binds to the substrate |
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Induced fit |
the enzyme substrate |
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Advantages to Multi enzyme Complex |
1 Reactions product delivered directly to the next enzyme, eliminates unwanted side reactions, and reaction controlled as a unit |
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Ribozymes |
Certain reactions involving RNA molecules are catalyzed by the RNA itself, RNA with enzymatic abilites |
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Competitive inhibitors |
Compete with the substrate for the same active site |
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Non competitive inhibitors |
Bind to allosteric site and change the shape |
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Allosteric Enzymes |
Allosteric inhibitor, allosteric activator |
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Cofactors |
usually metal ions |
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Coenzyme |
nonprotein, organic molecules |
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Anabolism |
reactions that require energy to make new bonds |
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Catabolism |
reactions that releases energy when bonds are broken |
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biochemical pathways |
series of reactions |
