General Biology 4 - Metabolic Processes

Front 1

Chemical reactions that occur within a living cell.

Back 1

Metabolism

Front 2

Metabolic processes that break down molecules.

Back 2

Catabolism

Front 3

Metabolic processes that create molecules.

Back 3

Anabolism

Front 4

Amount of energy within a system that is available to do work.

Back 4

Free energy

Front 5

Chemical reactions that release energy.

Back 5

Exergonic

Front 6

Chemical reactions that require the addition of free energy to complete.

Back 6

Endergonic

Front 7

Common reaction that produces free energy for use in other reactions.

Back 7

ATP hydrolysis

Front 8

A variable amount of energy needed to overcome an unfavorable step in the chemical process. Catalysts help lower this.

Back 8

Activation energy

Front 9

Protein-based catalyst.

Back 9

Enzyme

Front 10

Molecule that binds to an enzyme.

Back 10

Substrate

Front 11

Altering the form of the substrate slightly to better fit the activation site of an enzyme.

Back 11

Induced fit

Front 12

Controlling the amount of enzymatic products by turning the enzyme on or off when the quantity of the product or inputs reaches certain levels.

Back 12

Feedback inhibition

Front 13

Catabolistic process that does not use oxygen.

Back 13

Fermentation

Front 14

Process that converts oxygen to water.

Back 14

Oxidative phosphorylation

Front 15

What happens when ATP is hydrolyzed?

Back 15

A phosphate groups separates and energy is released. The remaining molecule is now ADP.

Front 16

How does ADP become ATP?

Back 16

ADP binds with a phosphate group and takes in energy.

Front 17

Chemical reaction that involves electron transfer.

Back 17

Redox reaction

Front 18

In a redox reaction, the chemical that lost electrons has been ____.

Back 18

Oxidized

Front 19

In a redox reaction, the chemical that gained electrons has been ____.

Back 19

Reduced

Front 20

What types of electrons have a very negative redox potential?

Back 20

Electrons with a high amount of energy

Front 21

Breakdown of sugar into pyruvate.

Back 21

Glycolysis

Front 22

Part of cellular respiration involving the breakdown of smaller molecules with the release of carbon dioxide.

Back 22

Krebs Cycle

Front 23

Process that directly donates a phosphate to ADP to make ATP.

Back 23

Substrate level phosphorylation

Front 24

Intermediate steps used to gather energy incrementally from high-energy electrons.

Back 24

Electron transport chain

Front 25

Another name for an electrochemical gradient composed of hydrogen ions.

Back 25

Proton motive force

Front 26

Protein used to drive the creation of ATP through a hydrogen ion gradient.

Back 26

ATP synthase

Front 27

Term meaning "lacking oxygen."

Back 27

Anaerobic

Front 28

Organisms that must consume other high-energy oganisms.

Back 28

Heterotrophs

Front 29

Process that extracts solar energy for use in chemical processes.

Back 29

Photosynthesis

Front 30

Organisms that can extract energy from the environment.

Back 30

Autotrophs

Front 31

Cell organelle that is the site of photosynthesis.

Back 31

Chloroplast

Front 32

Products of light reactions in photosynthesis.

Back 32

ATP and NADPH

Front 33

Products of Calvin cycle in photosynthesis.

Back 33

Carbohydrates

Front 34

Molecules that absorb different wavelengths of light.

Back 34

Pigment molecules

Front 35

Units of pigment within chloroplasts.

Back 35

Light-harvesting units

Front 36

Where do the electrons from photosystem II go?

Back 36

To photosystem I

Front 37

Where do the electrons from photosystem I go?

Back 37

To be used to generate NADPH.

Front 38

What does the electron transport chain of photosystem II drive?

Back 38

ATP creation