General Biology 1

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first person to describe cells

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Robert Hooke

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Built a microscope

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Robert Hooke

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Thin slice of cork“little boxes” which he named cells

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Robert Hooke

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Since animal cells do not have a cell wall he believed that animals did not have cells

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Robert Hooke

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looked at pond scum, saw small organisms

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Anton Van Leewenhoek

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which mean little animals

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Animalcules

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Today animalcules known as

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Protists

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Known as the father of microbiology

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Anton Van Leewenhoek

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Enumerate 3 Cell Theory

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1. All organisms are made of one or more cells2. The cell is the basic unit of all living things3. All cells come from existing cells

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Who developed Cell Theory

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Matthias Schleiden

Theodor Schwann

Rodulf Virchow

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Tool used to view small objects

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Microscope

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Basic unit of life / living things / organism

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Cell/s

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Organism composed of one cell are called?

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Unicellular

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Organism composed of many cells are called?

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Multicellular

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cells that do not have a nucleus, includes bacteria

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Prokaryotes

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cells that do have a nucleus, includes plant, fungi, & animals cells

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Eukaryotes

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a long circular molecule that looks like a rubber band.

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DNA

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Larger (10x) than prokaryotic cells

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Eukaryotic Cell

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Eukaryotic Cells these 3 basic cell structures

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1. Nucleus

2. Cytoplasm

3. Cell membrane

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Enumerate different kinds of animal cells

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1. White blood cells

2. Red blood cells

3. Cheek cells

4. Sperm cells

5. Muscle cell

6. Nerve cell

7. Amoeba

8. Paramecium

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Different kinds of plant cells

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1. Onion epidermal cells

2. Root hair cells

3. Guard cells

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A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell

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Cell Wall

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Plants and algae have a cell wall made of what?

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Cellulose

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a complex sugar that most animal can’t digest.

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Cellulose

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Protect and support the enclosed substances

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Cell Wall

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Resist entry of excess water into the cell

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Cell Wall

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Give shape to the cell

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Cell Wall

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a protective barrier that encloses the cell

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Cell Membrane

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Controls the movement on nutrients and water in and out of the cell

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Cell Membrane

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Made of protein and phospholipids

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Cell Membrane

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Selectively Permeable

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Cell Membrane

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A web of proteins in the cytoplasm

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Cytoskeleton

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Acts as muscle and skeleton in the cell

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Cytoskeleton

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Helps some cells move

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Cytoskeleton

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The organelle that contains the cell’s DNA and is the control center of the cell.

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Nucleus

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brain of the cell

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Nucleus

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holds the information stored as DNA and controls cell functions

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Nucleus

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Has it's own lipid bilayer with special "nuclear pores" regulating in and out movement

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Nucleus

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Found throughout cytoplasm

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Organelles

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The organelle in which amino acids are hooked together to make proteins

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Ribosomes

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Smallest of the organelles.

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Ribosomes

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Some float freely while others are attached to membranes.

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Ribosomes

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no ribosomes, located in the cytoplasm

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Smooth ER

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has ribosomes on its surface & makes proteins to EXPORT, found near nucleus

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Rough ER

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A system of folded membranes in which proteins, lipids, and other materials are made.

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

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ribosomes are attached- function is to make the proteins

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Rough ER

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no ribosomes- function is to make lipids and break down toxic materials that could damage the cell

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Smooth ER

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The organelle that breaks down sugar and food molecules to make ATP (energy)

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Mitochondira

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have their own DNA and can divide within a cell

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Mitochondria

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The power house of the cell

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Mitochondria

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Site of Cellular respiration

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Mitochondria

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Burn sugars to produce energy ATP

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Mitochondria

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The organelle that uses the energy of sunlight to make food

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Chloroplasts

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where photosynthesis takes place

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Chloroplasts

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Contain the green pigment chlorophyll

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Chloroplast

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Traps sunlight to make to make sugars

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Choloroplast

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Stacks of flattened sacs

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Golgi Bodies

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Have a shipping side & a receiving side

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Golgi Bodies

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Receive & modify proteins made by ER

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Golgi Bodies

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Transport vesicles with modified proteins pinch off the ends

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Golgi Bodies

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The organelle that processes and transports proteins and other material out of the cell

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Golgi Complex

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The organelle that store water and other materials

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Vacuole

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Contain digestive enzymes

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Lysosome

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Break down food and worn out cell parts for cells

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Lysosome

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Programmed for cell death

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Lysosome

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Disappears when cell divides

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Nucleolus

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Makes ribosomes that make proteins

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Nucleolus

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Dead Layer

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Cell Wall

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Living Layer

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Cell Membrane

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Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell

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Cell Membrane

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Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane

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Cytoplasm

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Provides a medium for chemical reactions to take place

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Cytoplasm

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Contains organelles to carry out specific jobs

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Cytoplasm

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Large empty spaces present between cellulose fibers

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Cell Wall

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Freely Permeable

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Cell Wall

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Made of cellulose which forms very thin fibers

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Cell Wall

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Help cell divide

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Centriole

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Food storage of animal cell

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Glycogen

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Food storage of plant cell

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Starch

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(Animal / Plant cell)

Relatively smaller in size

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Animal Cells

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(Animal / Plant cell)

Relatively larger in size

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Plant Cell

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(Animal / Plant cell)

Irregular shape

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Animal cells

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(Animal / Plant cell)

Regular Shape

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Plant cell

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(Animal / Plant cell)

No cell wall

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Animal cells

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(Animal / Plant cell)

Cell wall present

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Plant cells

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(Animal / Plant cell)

Vacoule cmall or absent

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Animal cells

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(Animal / Plant cell)

Has a large central vacuoles

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Plant cell

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(Animal / Plant cell)

Glycogen as food storage

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Animal cells

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(Animal / Plant cell)

Starch as food storage

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Plant cells

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(Animal / Plant cell)

Nucleus at the center

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Animal cell

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(Animal / Plant cell)

Nucleus near cell wall

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Plant cell

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A vital phenomena that distinguishes living things from non living things

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Life

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Enumerate the characteristics of lice

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1. Metabolism

2. Anabolism

3. Growth

4. Respiration

5. Reproduction

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Branch of science that deals with small objects through the use of microscope

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Microscopy

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Branch of science that deals with the study of small living things

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Microbiology

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A hair-like organelle in prokaryotes taht allows it to move

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Flagella / Flagellum

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Inner tissue of a leaf containing many chloroplasts

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Mesophyll

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Main transport system or the carrier of water

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Vascular tissue

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Source of energy for living things

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Carbohydrates

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3 kinds of carbohydrates

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1. Monosaccharide

2. Disaccharide

3. Polysaccharide

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Attachment of a cell to the another cell

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Pili

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Found when a cell undergoes cell division

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Centriole

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Benefits of being multicellular

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1. Larger size

2. Longer life

3. Specialization