Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
mechanism of general anesthetics
|
increase threshold for nerve cells to fire
Cl- channel opening causes hyperpolerization of axonal membrane Na+ channel ligand-gated fns activates K+ channels causing hyperpolerization |
|
nitrous oxide
|
not a general anesthetic
|
|
effect of general anesthetics on respn
|
all decrease respiration
|
|
decreased respiration's effect on the brain
|
normally causes for vasodialation in brain wrt resp and CO2.
- not present in halothane or enflurane |
|
spike and dome on EEG
|
seen with enflurane
like w/ epilepsy |
|
pregnant pts general anesthesia
|
quiet and relaxation of uterine muscle w/ all
|
|
hepatic toxicity
|
halothane
|
|
nephrotoxicity
|
methoxytlutane
|
|
malignant hyperthermia
|
use dantrolene
- with all potent inhalation agents and succinylcholine - sevofluane and sedflurane |
|
ED50 for inhaled agents
|
= minimum alveolar concentration (MAC)
dose rqd for maintaining immobility in 50% of pop - lower the MAC more potent the anesthetic agent |
|
lower blood: gas partition coefficient
|
smaller # lowers the blood solubility
creates faster induction - tissue solubility has minimal difference |
|
pharmacokinetics of gas anesthetics
|
transfer from lung to blood to brain
partial pressure is pressure exerted by a specified component in a mixture of gases |
|
partial pressure is equivelant
|
to the concentration gradient of a drug when you're administering it
|
|
when a gas dissolves in the blood
|
it makes it seem like there's a larger volume of blood
decreases the concentration gradient to get into the brain partial pressure is no longer accurate |
|
influences rate of induction of anesthesia
|
solubility
NO has low solubility (= small # for blood:gas partition coefficient) in blood and rapid induction halothane has high solubility in blood and slower rate of induction |
|
increasing the ventilation rate
|
increases the rate of induction
same as increasing the diffusion rate |
|
cardiac output increased causes for ____rate of induction
|
induction to be slower
dt perceived increased blood capacity |
|
pulmonary blood flow is slowed then anesthesia induction is _______
|
faster induction
dt reduced blood capacity |