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222 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Rb
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rubidium
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Sr
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strontium
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Mo
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molybdenum
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Ag
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silver
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Cd
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cadium
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Sn
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tin
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Sb
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antimony
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I
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iodine
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Xe
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xenon
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Ca
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calcium
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Ba
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barium
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W
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tungsten
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Pt
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platinum
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Au
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gold
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Hg
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mercury
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Pb
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lead
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Rn
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radon
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U
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uranium
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Pu
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plutonium
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H
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hydrogen
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He
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helium
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Li
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lithium
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Be
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berrylium
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B
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boron
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C
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carbon
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N
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nitrogen
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O
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oxygen
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F
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flourine
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Ne
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neon
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Na
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sodium
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Mg
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magnesium
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Al
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aluminum
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Si
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silicon
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P
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phosphorous
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S
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sulfur
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Cl
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chlorine
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Ar
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argon
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K
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potassium
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Ca
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calcium
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Sc
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scandium
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Ti
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titanium
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V
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vanadium
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Cr
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chronium
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Mn
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manganese
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Fe
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iron
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Co
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cobalt
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Ni
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nickel
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Cu
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copper
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Zn
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zinc
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Ga
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gallium
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Ge
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germanium
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As
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arsenic
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Se
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selenium
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Br
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bromine
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Kr
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krypton
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Binary Ionic Compounds are named how?
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1. name of the metal as it appears in the periodic table
2. name of the nonmetal with ending changed to "ide" |
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Group IA charge?
Group 2A charge? Group 3A charge? Group 5A charge? Group 6A charge? Group 7A charge? |
Group IA +1
Group 2A +2 Group 3A +3 Group 5A -3 Group 6A -2 Group 7A -1 |
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Name binary ionic compound:
PtCl2 =? |
platinum (II) chloride
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Name binary ionic compound:
Au2S |
gold (I) sulfide
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Name binary ionic compound:
Fe2S3 |
iron (III) sulfide
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Name binary ionic compound:
Cu2O |
copper (I) oxide
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Name binary ionic compound:
AgCl |
silver chloride
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Name binary ionic compound:
Zn3N2 |
zinc nitride
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Name binary ionic compound:
CdS |
cadmium sulfide
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group or family
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vertical columns
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periods
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horizontal rows
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Group 1A
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alkali metals
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Group 2A
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alkaline earth metals
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Group 6A
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chalogens
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Group 7A
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halogens
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Group 8A
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noble or inert gases
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Group 3B-3A
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transition metals
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nonmetals
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to the right of the stairstep
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metals
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to the left of the stairstep
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metalloids (7)
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B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te and At
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diatomic molecules (7)
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H, N, O, F, Cl, Br & I
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binary ionic compounds
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metal + nonmetal
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psuedo-binary ionic compounds
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-one of both of the parks will be polyatomic ions
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how to name psuedo-binary ionic compounds
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1st word- name of metal as it appears in the periodic table or the name of the polyatomic cation
2nd word- name of nonmetal with the ending changed to "ide" or the name of the polyatomic anion |
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Name pseudo-binary compound:
NaOH |
sodium hydroxide
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Name pseudo-binary compound:
NH4SCN (use common polyatomic ions list) |
ammonium thiocyanate
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Name pseudo-binary compound:
CuCN (use common polyatomic ions list) |
Copper (I) cyanide
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Name pseudo-binary compound:
CuSO4 (use common polyatomic ions list) |
copper (II) sulfate
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Name pseudo-binary compound:
k2s2o3 (use common polyatomic ions list) |
potassium thiosulfate
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Name pseudo-binary compound:
CaC2O4 (use common polyatomic ions list) |
calcium oxylate
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covalent binary compounds
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usually contain 2 different nonmetals
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how to name covalent binary compound
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1st word- name of the first nonmetal as it appears in the periodic table with a prefix added
2nd word- name of the second nonmetal with the ending changed to "ide" and a prefix added |
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name covalent binary:
PCL3 |
phosphorous trichloride
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name covalent binary:
IF3 |
iodine pentafluoride
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name covalent binary:
PCl5 |
phosphorous pentachloride
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Name Covalent Binary Compound:
N2O4 |
dinitrogen tetroxide
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Name Covalent Binary Compound:
Cl2O7 |
dichlorine deptoxide
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Name Covalent Binary Compound:
I4O9 |
tetraiodine nonoxide
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Name Covalent Binary Compound:
NO2 |
nitrogen dioxide
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Name Covalent Binary Compound:
S2F10 |
disulfurdecafluoride
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Name Covalent Binary Compound:
NaH |
sodium hydride
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Name Covalent Binary Compound:
HBr |
hydrogen bromide
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Name Covalent Binary Compound:
HCN |
hydrogen cyanide
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Name Covalent Binary Compound:
H2S |
hydrogen sulfide
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Name Covalent Binary Compound:
HCl |
hydrogen chloride
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binary acid
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covalent compounds
-Hydrogen plus a more electronegative element -mono/di/tri/etc never use with acids |
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how do you name a binary acid?
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1st word- name of the more electronegative element or polyatomic ion with the ending changed to "ic" and a hydro prefix added
2nd word- the word acid |
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name the binary acid:
HCl |
hydrochloric acid
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name the binary acid:
HBr |
hydrobromic acid
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HCN
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hydrocyanic acid
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H2S
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hydrosulfuric acid
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ternary acids
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-acids consist of a more electronegative element, hydrogen and oxygen
-also known as oxyacids, b/c they contain oxygen -mono/di/tri/etc never used with acids -named using common acid root names known as "ic" acids |
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how do you name ternary acids?
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1st word- determined systematically using the rules in the table
2nd word- the word acid |
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number of oxygen atoms compared to corresponding"ic" acid= A
name change= B |
A B
+1 a "per" prefix is added -1 the "ic" ending is changed to "ous" -2 the "ic" ending is changed to "ous" and a "hypo" prefix is added |
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using common ternary "ic" acid list, name ternary acid:
HBrO4 |
bromic acid to
perbromic acid |
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using common ternary "ic" acid list, name ternary acid:
HNO2 |
derived from nitric acid
.... nitrous acid |
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using common ternary "ic" acid list, name ternary acid:
H3PO2 |
derived from phosphoric acid
..... hypophosphorous acid |
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using common ternary "ic" acid list, name ternary acid:
HIO2 |
derived from iodic acid
....iodous acid |
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using common ternary "ic" acid list, name ternary acid:
HClO |
derived from chloric acid
.....hypochlorous acid |
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ternary salts
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-result when acidic hydrogen atoms are replaced with other cations
-first word is named like other ionic compounds (name of metal or polyatomic cation) -second word is name of the polyatomic anion derived from the ternary acid name **if polyatomic anion is derived from IC changes to ATE **if polyatomic anion is derived from OUR changes to ITE |
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name ternary salt:
Na2CO3 |
polyatomic anion derived from CARBONIC ACID (H2CO3).....
same number of oxygen atoms, the name is sodium carbonate |
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name ternary salt:
(NH4)2SO3 |
derived from sulfuric acid (SO4)
.... one less O atom sulfurous acid =AMMONIUM SULFITE |
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name ternary salt:
KIO |
derived from iodic acid (IO3)
... two less O atoms (hypoiodous acid) same number of oxygens, name is POTASSIUM HYPOIODITE |
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name ternary salt:
LiClO4 |
derived from chloric acid (ClO3)
.... one additional O atom= perchloric acid ... same number of O atoms, name is LITHIUM PERCHLORATE |
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name ternary salt:
Au(NO3)3 |
derived from nitric acid (NO3)
same number of oxygen atoms... gold (III) nitrate |
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ternary acid salts
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-result from replacement of only some of the acidic hydrogen atoms in ternary acids with another cation
-endings are like ternary salts |
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how you name ternary acid salts?
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1st word- name of metal or polyatomic cation
2nd word- hydrogen 3rd word- name of the polyatomic anion which is an acid derivative **IC to ATE **OUS to ITE |
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name the ternary acid salt:
NaHCO3 |
derived from carbonic acid (CO3)
same number of O atoms, the name is SODIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE |
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name the ternary acid salt:
NaHSO4 |
derived from sulfuric acid (SO4)
same number of O atoms, the name is SODIUM HYDROGEN SULFATE |
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name the ternary acid salt:
K2HPO3 |
derived from phosphoric acid (PO4)
one less O atom= phosphorous acid same number of O atoms, name is POTASSIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHITE |
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name the ternary acid salt:
KH2PO3 |
derived from phosphoric acid (PO4)
one less O atom= phosphorous acid ...name is POTASSIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHITE |
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what is a combination or synthesis reaction?
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two or more substances react to form one product
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combination or synthesis reaction (A and B stuff) looks like?
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A + B --> AB
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what are the three possibilities for reactions with combination or synthesis reaction?
(element/compound) |
1. element + element = compound
2. compound + element = compound 3. compound + compound = compound |
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what is
Mg + O2 --> 2MgO and example of? |
combination or synthesis reaction
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these are all what?
2Na + O2 --> Na2O2 N2 + 3H2 --> 2NH3 CaO + H2) --> Ca(OH)2 |
combination or synthesis reaction
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what is a decomposition reaction?
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conceptually, the opposite of the combination reaction, a compound breaks down into simpler substances
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what does decomposition reaction look like? (A and B stuff)?
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AY --> A + Y
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what are the three possibilities for reactions with decomposition reaction?
(element/compound) |
1. compound --> element + element
2. compound --> compound + element 3. compound --> compound + compound |
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what are the three different types of reactions in aqueous solutions?
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combination or synthesis reaction
decomposition reaction complete oxidation or combustion reaction |
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what are these examples of?
CaCO3 --> CaO + CO2 2H2O --> 2H2 + O2 2KClO --> 2KCl + 3O2 PbCO3 --> PbO + CO2 |
decomposition reactions
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what is a complete oxidation or combustion reaction?
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-rapid reaction which produce a flame
-this is called oxidation because of the reaction of a hydrocarbon plus environmental oxygen -these hydrocarbons include petroleum products, alcohols, some acids, and sugars |
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what does a hydrocarbon contain?
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C and H
OR C, H and O |
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what are the products of a complete oxidation or combustion reaction?
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products are ALWAYS CO2 and H2O
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what are these examples of?
C3H8 + 5O2 --> 3CO2 + 4H2) C3H9OH + 6O2 --> 4CO2 + 5H2) |
complete oxidation or combustion reactions
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what is a solution?
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homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances, in the liquid phase
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what is a solvent?
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major component of a solution
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what is a solute?
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minor component of the solution
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what are strong electrolytes?
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--good conductors
--form many of the IONS in aqueous solution (about 100%) |
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what are weak electrolytes?
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--poor conductors
--form few IONS in aqueous solution (less than 5%) |
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what are non electrolytes?
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--nonconductors
--form no ions in aqueous solutions |
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what are acids?
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-covalent compounds
-substances that produce H+ ions, hydrogen ions or protons when dissolved in water |
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what is ionization?
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physical process of converting an atom or molecule into an ion by adding or removing charged particles such as electrons or other ions
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What is HCL?
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HYDROCHLORIC ACID
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are strong acids strong or weak electrolytes?
are strong acids double or single arrow forward? are strong acids reversible reactions? |
STRONG electrolytes
SINGLE arrow forward NON-REVERSIBLE reactions |
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What is HBR?
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hydrobromic acid
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What is HI?
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hydroiodic acid
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What is HNO?
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nitric acid
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What is H2SO4
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sulfuric acid
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What is HCLO3
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chloric acid
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What is HCLO4
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perchloric acid
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are weak acids strong or weak electrolytes?
are weak acids reversible reactions? are weak acids SINGLE or DOUBLE froward arrows? |
weak acids are WEAK electrolytes
weak acids are REVERSIBLE reactions that do not go into completion weak acids are DOUBLE arrow forward and reverse |
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What is a monoprotic acid?
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yields 1 mole of H+ per mole of acid
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What is this an example of?
H2O + HCL --> H3O+ + CL- |
a MONOPROTIC acid
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What is a diprotic acid?
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yields 2 moles of H+ per mole of acid
occurs in TWO steps |
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What is this an example of?
H2O + H2SO4 --> H3O+ + HSO4- H2O + HSO4- --> H3O+ + SO42- |
a DIPROTIC acid
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What is a triprotic acid?
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yields 3 moles of H+ per mole of acid
occurs in THREE steps |
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What is this an example of?
H2O + H3PO4 ---> H3O + + H2PO4- <-- H2O + H2PO4- --> H3O+ + HPO42- <-- H2O + HPO42- --> H3O+ + PO43- <-- |
a TRIPROTIC acid
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HCL ----> H+ + CL-
what is this? dissociation or ionization? |
BOTH
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What is a base?
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-substance that produces OH- ions, hydroxide ions when dissolved in aqueous solution
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is a strong base a strong electrolyte or weak?
is a strong base reversible? is a strong base single or double arrow forward? |
strong base is STRONG electrolyte
strong base is NON-REVERSIBLE reaction that goes to completion strong base is SINGLE arrow forward |
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strong, soluble base
LiOH |
lithium hydroxide
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strong, soluble base
NaOH |
sodium hydroxide
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strong, soluble base
KOH |
potassium hydroxide
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strong, soluble base
RbOH |
rubidium hydroxide
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strong, soluble base
CsOH |
caesium hydroxide
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strong, soluble base
Ca(OH)2 |
calcium hydroxide
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strong, soluble base
Sr(OH)2 |
strontium hydroxide
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strong, soluble base
Ba(OH)2 |
barium hydroxide
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Is a weak base a weak or strong electrolyte?
is a weak base reversible or non-reversible reaction? is a weak base a single or double arrow? |
weak base is WEAK electrolyte
weak base is REVERSIBLE reaction that does not go into completion weak base is DOUBLE arrow forward/reverse reaction |
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is ammonia a weak or strong base?
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weak base. (not a salt)
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What is a salt?
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-ionic compound
-cationic portion comes from base -anionic portion comes from acid -if soluble, then STRONG electrolyte |
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is a salt is soluble, what is it?
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STRONG electrolyte
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where does the cationic portion of a salt come from?
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a BASE
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where does the anionic portion of a salt come from?
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an ACID
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what is this an example of?
NaCL --> Na+ + CL- MgSO4 --> Mg2+ + SO42- Ca(NO3)2 --> Ca2+ + 2NO3- |
SALT dissociation
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what is an oxidation number or oxidation state?
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number of electrons gained or lost when an atom or group of atoms become ionized
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if something is a free element or molecule what is the oxidation state?
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oxidation state ZERO
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example of a free molecule with zero oxidation state?
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Fe
C H2 S8 |
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if something is a monatomic ion what is the oxidation state?
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the CHARGE
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what is an example of a monatomic ion?
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Cl-
O2- Fe3+ Mg2+ |
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what is the oxidation state of a polyatomic ion?
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the CHARGE
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what is an example of a polyatomic ion?
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NH4+
SO42- |
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what is the oxidation state of a neutral compound?
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ZERO
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what is an example of a neutral compound?
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ZnSO4
NaCL |
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what is the charge for
group1 group2 group3 group5 group6 group7 |
group 1- +1
group 2- +2 group 3- +3 group 5- -3 group 6- -2 group 7- -1 |
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what is usually the charge for a hydrogen atom?
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+1
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what is usually the charge for an oxygen atom?
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-2
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what is the oxidation number for N, H and overall in...?
NH3 |
N is -3
H is 1 (times 3) overall= 0 charge |
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What is the charge of N in
HNO2 |
H= +1
O= -2 (times 2)= -4 1 + -4 + N= 0 N=3 |
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What is the charge of N in
N2O4 |
N = 4
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What is the charge of N in
NO3- |
N= +5
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What is REDOX?
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OILRIG
Oxidation Involves Loss of electrons Reductions Involves Gain of electrons |
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oxidation is?
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LOSS of electrons
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reduction is?
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GAIN of electrons
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What is this an example of?
Zn --> Zn2+ + 2e- (LOSS of electron) |
OXIDATION
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What is this an example of?
Cu2+ + 2e- --> Cu (GAIN of electron) |
REDUCTION
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oxidations and reductions always occur __________, one chemical species GAINS electrons and the other chemical species LOSES electrons
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TOGETHER
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two half-reactions combine into a what?
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NET ionic equation
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what is this an example of?
Zn --> Zn2+ + 2e- Cu2+ + 2e- --> Cu ________________ Zn + Cu2+ + 2e- (crossed out) --> Zn2+ + Cu + 2e- (crossed out) |
NET IONIC EQUATION
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what is a reducing agent?
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OXIDIZED causing another substance to be reduced
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what is an oxidizing agent?
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REDUCED causing another substance to be oxidized
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reducing agent goes from one side of the equation with no charge to the other side being charged
true or false? |
TRUE
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oxidizing agent goes from one side of the equation with a charge to the other side being not charged
true or false? |
TRUE
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what is another term for REDOX?
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SINGLE-REPLACEMENT
SINGLE-DISPLACEMENT OXIDATION-REDUCTION or REDOX |
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oxidation
|
reductant --> product + e-
(loss of e) --> (oxidation # increases) |
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reduction
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oxidant + e- --> product
(gain of e) --> (oxidation # decreases) |
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What is a redox reaction?
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-one element is replacing another in a compound
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what is this?
A + BC --> AC + B A= more active metal BC= less active metal salt AC= more active metal salt B= less active metal |
REDOX. TYPE ONE METAL
A + BC --> AC + B A= more active metal BC= less active metal salt AC= more active metal salt B= less active metal |
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what is a more active metal?
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one that is higher in the activity series than the less active metal
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type ONE metal
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what is a more active metal salt?
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one that contains a metal that is higher in the activity series than the metal in the less active metal salt
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type ONE metal
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what does a type 2 metal REDOX look like?
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A + HX --> H2 + AX
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type 2 metal redox what is A, HX, H2 and AX?
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A= active metal
HX= acid H2= hydrogen gas AX= metal salt |
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in type 2 metal redox what is an active metal?
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any metal above H in the activity series
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what does a type 3 metal REDOX look like?
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A + H20 --> H2 + AOH
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type 3 metal redox what is A and AOH?
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A=active metal
AOH= metal salt of water |
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in order to react with water in a redox what must be true?
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it must be one of SIX top metals on activity series to react with water
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