Gen Bio Exam #3 Remake

Front 1

hemolymph

Back 1

blood like fluid

Front 2

erythrocyte

Back 2

red blood cells, carry O2 from lungs to body tissues

Front 3

leukocyte

Back 3

white blood cells, defend against invading organisms, eliminate dead and dying cells

Front 4

platelet

Back 4

oval vesicles that take part in blood clotting

Front 5

serum

Back 5

amber colored liquid that leaves when blood clots

Front 6

plasma

Back 6

colorless fluid of blood, in which cells are suspended

Front 7

anemia

Back 7

lack of red blood cells, lack of hemoglobin, results in weakness

Front 8

hemostasis

Back 8

stopping of the flow of blood

Front 9

coagulation

Back 9

clotting of blood

Front 10

endothemlium

Back 10

tissue of single layer of cells that lines organs and cavities

Front 11

epicardium

Back 11

innermost layer of pericardium, outer surface of heart, connective tissue

Front 12

myocardium

Back 12

muscular tissue of heart

Front 13

endocardium

Back 13

innermost layer, thin membrane that lines the chambers of the heart

Front 14

pericardium

Back 14

membrane enclosing the heart

Front 15

intercalated discs

Back 15

joining between two cells in cardiac muscle

Front 16

systole

Back 16

period of contraction and emptying of heart

Front 17

diastole

Back 17

period of relaxation and filling of the heart between contractions

Front 18

open circulatory system

Back 18

fluid is not always in vessels

Front 19

closed circulatory system

Back 19

fluid in confined to vessels

Front 20

erythrocyte

Back 20

red blood cell, contains hemoglobins(proteins that transport O2 in blood)

Front 21

monocyte

Back 21

leukocyte, enters damaged tissue from bloodstream through endothelial wall of blood vessel

Front 22

neutrophil

Back 22

phagocytic leukocyte, attaches to blood vessel walls in massive numbers when attracted to infection sire by chemokines

Front 23

basophil

Back 23

leukocyte, induced to sectrete histamine by allergens

Front 24

lymphocyte

Back 24

leukocyte, carried out most activities in tissues and organs of lymophatic system, plays major roles in immune responses

Front 25

eosinophil

Back 25

leukocyte, targets extracellular parasites too large for phagocytosis in inflammatory response

Front 26

general composition of plasma

Back 26

water, sugars, plasma proteins, ion, lipids, hormones, signal molecules, metabolic wastes

Front 27

plasma proteins

Back 27

transport lipids, hormones, etc in circulatory system, and regulation of acellular activity

Front 28

difference between coagulation and hemostasis

Back 28

hemostasis is stopping of blood

coagulation is clotting of blood

Front 29

steps in coagulation

Back 29

tissue injury
prothrombin activated
becomes thrombin(enzyme that activates production of fibrinogen)

Front 30

erythropoietin

Back 30

hormone that stimulates in bone marrow to produce more red blood cells

Front 31

what is the basis for blood typing

Back 31

A: B antibody, accept A and O, give to A and AB

B: A antibody, accept B and O, give to B and AB

AB:no antibody, accept any kind, give to AB

O:AB antibody, accept only O, give to anyone

Front 32

pulmonary semilunar valve

Back 32

lies between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Front 33

mitral valve

Back 33

valve between left atrium and left ventricle of heart

Front 34

tricuspid valve

Back 34

prevents reflux of blood from right ventricle to the right atrium

Front 35

aortic valve

Back 35

seperates aorta from left ventricle that prevents blood from flowing back into left ventricle

Front 36

pulmonary circulation

Back 36

carries deoxygenated blood from the heart and brings back oxygenated blood

Front 37

systemic circulation

Back 37

carries oxygenated blood from the heart and brings back deoxygenated blood

Front 38

cardiac cycle

Back 38

.

Front 39

to what are the heart sounds due?

Back 39

first heart sound: Atrioventricular valves: mitral and tricuspid

second heart sound: Semilunar valves: pulmonary and aortic

Front 40

conduction system of the heart

Back 40

specialized cardiac muscle cells in the walls of the heart that send signals to heart causing it to contract

SA node, AV node,

Front 41

wall of a blood vessel, layers and what is in each

Back 41

Tunica Intima: innermost layer, endothelium, simple squamous epithelium

Tunica Media: middle layer, Arteries:elastic, smooth muscle Veins:not elastic, smooth muscle, valves to prevent backflow of blood

Tunica Adventitia: outermost layer, connective tissue, elastic(allows for us to feel heartbeat)

Front 42

types of blood vessels, function of each

Back 42

Arteries: carry blood away from heart, towards tissues and organs

Arterioles:small branch of artery leading to capillary

capillaries: find branching blood vessels that form network between arterioles and venules

venules: very small vein, collects blood from capillaries

veins: tube forming part of blood circulation, carries oxygenated blood to heart

Front 43

concept of blood pressure

what affects it? what are their effects?

Back 43

Exercise: regular exercise can lower BP

Nutrition: dieting increases BP

Stress:raises BP

Sleep: lowers blood pressure

Alcohol: raise blood pressure

deep breathing: lowers BP

Front 44

what is the pulse? to what is it due?

Back 44

throbbing of the arteries as blood is pumped through them

Front 45

lymph? functions?

Back 45

colorless fluid of white blood cells, bathes tissues and drains through lymphatic system into blood stream

Front 46

structures of lymphatic system? functions?

Back 46

fluid: lymph

vessel: moves lymph

organ:node that filters lymph

Front 47

lymphatic vessels

Back 47

.

Front 48

two lymphatic ducts? what area does each drain?

Back 48

thoracic duct:
right lymphatic duct: right upper limb and right side of head ands neck

Front 49

lacteals

Back 49

lymphatic vessels of small intestine that abosrb digested fats

Front 50

spleen

Back 50

left side of stomach, filters blood, made of lymphatic tissue and red pulp

Front 51

adenoids

Back 51

behind nasal cavity, trap bacteria and viruses that come in through the nose, glandular tissue

Front 52

thymus

Back 52

behind sternum, between lungs, helps protect against autoimmunity when the immune system turns on itself, glandular tissue

Front 53

tonsils

Back 53

rear of the throat, helps fight infections, tissue similar to lymph

Front 54

functions of spleen

Back 54

filter for blood, helps fight bacteria that causes pneumonia and meningitis

Front 55

diffusion

Back 55

movement from higher concentration to lower concentration

Front 56

ventilation

Back 56

breathing

Front 57

perfusion

Back 57

delivering blood to capillaries

Front 58

trachea

Back 58

windpipe, tube of cartilage "c" rings between the larynx and bronchial tubes

Front 59

gills

Back 59

counterflowing because water flows one way while blood flows the other

Front 60

lungs

Back 60

sac like organ that air flows in to

Front 61

chemoreceptor

Back 61

sensory cell or organ responsive to chemical stimuli

Front 62

respiratory mechanisms of other animals

Back 62

gills
lungs
air sacs
trachean

Front 63

path of air as it flows into lungs

Back 63

.

Front 64

bronchi

Back 64

major air passages of the lungs that diverge from the windpipe

Front 65

bronchiole

Back 65

any minute branches into which a bronchus divides

Front 66

alveoli

Back 66

any tiny air sac in lungs where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place

Front 67

anatomy of the lungs

Back 67

.

Front 68

respiratory membrane

Back 68

alveolar and capillary walls, gas on one side and blood flowing past on the others

Front 69

describe process of breathing ventilation

normal reflex breathing be altered? when and why

Back 69

.

Front 70

external respiration

Back 70

oxygen diffuses into the blood

carbon dioxide diffuses into alveolar air

Front 71

internal respiration

Back 71

oxygen diffuses out of blood

carbon dioxide diffuses out of cells

Front 72

how are O2 and CO2 transported in the blood

Back 72

blood serves to transport both gases

Front 73

what affects hemoglobin saturation

Back 73

temperature, blood pH, and partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Front 74

funtion of bicarbonate in the blood

Back 74

chemical that keeps the pH of blood from becoming too acidic or too basic