Gen-Bio

Front 1

Cells

Back 1

The fundamental units of life

The simplest collection of matter that can live.

First observed by Robert Hooke in 1665

some organisms have one cell, others have trillions

Two general kinds: Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic cells

Front 2

Vesicle

Back 2

A membrane enclosed sac that stores or transports materials in the cytoplasm

Front 3

Robert Hooke

Back 3

First person to observe cells in 1665

Front 4

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek

Back 4

He laterdescribed cells that could move

–He viewed bacteria with his ownhand-crafted microscopes in the late 1600s

Front 5

Eukaryotic cells

Back 5

–Plants,animals, fungi and protists

–Larger,more complex cells

–Singlecelled or multicellular

-contain organelles

•Animals,fungi, plants, and protists areall eukaryotes.

•Eukaryotesevolved from prokaryotes around 2 billion years ago.

Front 6

Prokaryotic cells

Back 6

–Bacteria

–Small,simple cells

–Singlecelled

- do not contain organelles

•Thereare two domains of prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea.

•Prokaryoticfossils date back at least 3.5 billion years.

Front 7

Organelles

Back 7

are membrane-enclosed structures thatperform specific functions

exist in both plant and animal cells

Front 8

Animal vs. Plant cells

Back 8

•Allcells share:

–Plasma membrane–Nucleus–Ribosomes–Mitochondria

•Onlyanimal cells have lysosomes.

Only plant cells have chloroplasts,cell walls, andcentral vacuoles

Front 9

Lysosome (Animal Cell)

Back 9

A membrane-enclosed bubble of digestive enzymes that can breakdown and recycle foreign or worn-out cellular substances

Front 10

Ribosomes

Back 10

Free floating or attached to rough ER

Front 11

Hypothesis-Based Science

Back 11

Inductive and Deductive Reasoning are Part of

Front 12

Theories

Back 12

Explain a great diversity of observations and are supported by a large and usually growing body of evidence

Front 13

hypothesis

Back 13

A proposed explanation for a set of observations is called

Front 14

What best describes the connection between the ants' use of formic acid and the theme of Chapter 2

Back 14

Chemicals are part of the hierarchical structure of life

Front 15

compound

Back 15

contains 2 or more different elements in a fixed ratio

Front 16

the primary elements of life

Back 16

hydrogen nitrogen oxygen carbon

Front 17

goiter is normally prevented by adding the trace element

Back 17

iodine

Front 18

The number of electrons in the _________determine the chemical properties of the atom

Back 18

outermost shell

Front 19

when full the innermost shell contains __ and the 2nd and 3rd will hold up to ___

Back 19

2, 8

Front 20

Weakest bond

Back 20

Hydrogen bond

Front 21

Passive Transport

Back 21

requires no energy

substances move along a concentration from high to low

Front 22

Active Transport

Back 22

requires energy

substances move against a concentration from low to high

Like trying to get into a crowded club

Front 23

Diffusion

Back 23

movement of molecules from high to low concentration

Front 24

Osmosis

Back 24

The diffusion of water

high to low concentration

from hypotonic to hypertonic solutions

Front 25

Active transport

Back 25

involves moving a substance from a lower to higher concentration

Front 26

Chromatin

Back 26

DNA wrapped around proteins to form fibers

each long one twists and forms a chromosome