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275 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Biology
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The Scientific study of all like forms
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Chloroplast
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Structures active in the food making process while animal cells do not
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Endo Plasmic Recticulum
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A tubular transport system within the cell or to the outside
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Active Transport
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Materials are moved from an area of low concentration to an area of High concentration
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Diffusion
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the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
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Nucleous (3)
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-The Holding Tank for RNA
-The essential acid for the chemical activity of the cell and the chromosome -Permits the manufacture of a protein |
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Cell Membrane
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A boundry that surrounds both Plant and Animal cells
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Plant and Animal Cells
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The two types of cells known to exist
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Mitosis
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The process in witch cells reproduce them selves through division
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Mitochondrion
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Power plant inside the cell witch produces energy for cellular function.
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Nucleus (2)
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The control center for the cell, surrounded by a double nuclear membrane, contains chromosome for the cell
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Gametes
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Reproductive cells
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Cell
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The smallest unit of living material capable of carrying on activities of life
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Diploid
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A cell containing 46 chromosomes
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Chromosome
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Genetic blue print found inside the nucleus, contains DNA that makes up the genes
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Crossing Over
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The Process by which chromosome pairs come together to exchange genes
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Meiosis
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Process in which a parent cell undergoes two types of cell division that results in the production of four gametes
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Cytoplasm
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Protoplasm found between the nuclear membrane and the cell membrane
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Golgi Apparatus
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The packing plant witch gathers proteins and carbohydrates in the membraneous sacs. In gland cells it releases hormones to the body
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Haploid (2)
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- Daughter Cell
-A cell that contains half the number of chromosomes of the original parent cell |
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Recessive
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When mixed with a dominant gene, it will not show up
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Dominant
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Dominant gene will always appear in the offspring
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Genes
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Determine all of your inherited traits
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Geneticists
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Scientists who study heredity
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Genetics
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Study of how traits are passed on.
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Heredity
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Term used to describe the passing traits from parents to children
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Sexual Reproduction
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Ensures that the offspring has genetic material from both parents
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Muscular dystrophy
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disease that causes musscles to waste away
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Cloning
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a egg cell that is removed from a adult is fertalized
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Organ System
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Group of organs that specialize in fuctions that are necessary for an organism to thrive
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Nervous System
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Is the means of communication of the body
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Temporal lobe
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Lobe Found near the temple
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Occipital
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Lobe is located in the back of the brain and is in charge of sight
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Optic Nerve
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Piece located in the eye that connects to the occipital lobe of the brain
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Retina
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The back wall of the eye ball
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Photographic Memory
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The ability to visualize
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cerebrum
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The portion of the brain that controls voluntary functions
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cerebellum
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coordinates the actual movements of the muscles
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medulla oblongata
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subconcious portion of the brain , located on the back of the brain
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peristalsis
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movement of food through the digestive tract
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Spinal Cord
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Long system of nerves that travels down the spine from the brain
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Reflex
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immediately acting on an emergency nerve-cell message
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Paralysis
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messages relayed from the brain might not be able to travel the spinal cord to the muscle site
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Circulatory System
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transports nutrients to the cells and removes the cell's waste
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arteries
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Big ass vains that pump blood away from the heart
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capillaries
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Small veins that exchange gasses into and out of the cells
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Atria
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The two smaller chambers in the heart that recieve blood cells
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Ventricles
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The two lower chambers in the heart
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Plaque
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Bad stuff that clogs the veins depending on the persons eating habbits and life styles
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respiratory system
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exchange of the outgoing carbon dioxide from the cells with the incoming air
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Alveoli
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Small spunge like sacs in the lungs
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Bronchiole
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oxygen diffuse in and out of the cells
transported inside and outside of the body through the system of bronchiole |
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Trachea or (wind pipe)
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Release breath through the mouth and nose
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Digestion
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breakdown of foods into simple molocules
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Small intestine
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absorbs and digests nutrients
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Pancreas ,Gall bladder, and Liver
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Each focus its digestive enzyme on specific food chemicals
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Large Intestine (2)
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-Absorbs the remaining water that is left in the digested food
-It also stores the waste material untill it is expelled from the body |
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Enzymes
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Acid that is produced when food is present or can be produced in responce to stress
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Ulcer
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An area that has been damaged by acids
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Marrow
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soft tissue inside the bone that creates blood cells
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Joints
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This is where the bones connect at.
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Ligaments
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Helps hold bones together
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Osteoporosis
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Bones loose density they become brittle and break easily
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Skeletal Muscles
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Responsible for Voluntary Movement
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Smooth Muscles (2)
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-Found in the organs contractions move food alond the digestive tract
-Helps blood move through the vessals |
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Cardiac Muscles
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Only in heart when they contract heart is said to "beat"
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Transplantation
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Organs that have been damaged, diseased or injured that need to be replaced
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Nitrogen
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Ingredeant for living tissue
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Amino Acid
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Essential components of proteins needed by living cells
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Nitrogen Fixing
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Conversion of free nitrogen into a combined form.
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Nodles
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Special Sacs on the roots of legumes
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Nitrogenase
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Enzyme that is essential to nitrogen fixing
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Photosyntheses
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food making process by which green plants convert the light from the sun into usable chemical energy
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Chloroplast
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where chlorophyll molecules absorb light
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chlorophyll
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substance that gives plants their green color
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Xanthophyll and Carotene
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Two chemicals that do the same job as chlorophyll they make the orange and yellow colored pigments
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Pholem
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transports food through the plant
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Xylem
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transports water
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Cellular Respiration
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Complex series of chemical reactions
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Glucose (2)
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-A form of sugar
-End product of photosynthesis |
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K
P C O F G S |
Kingdom
Phylum Class Order Faimly Genus Species |
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Kingdom Monera
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Simple one celled organisms
Lacking organelles |
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Kingdom Protista
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Simple one celled organisms have more complex cell structure then monera
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Kingdom Fungi
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Multicellular has chorophyll prduces it own food can not move
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Kingdom Plantae
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Multicellullar, has chorophyll produces its own food has no mobility
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Kingdom animalia
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multicellular capable of moving and obtaining its own food
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Theory of Evolution
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Theory produced by Charels Darwin, that all forms of life developed gradually over time
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Natural Selection
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Species that are best adapted to their living conditions survive and thouse that do not adapt die out
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Creationst Theory
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That all species have been created and remained unchanged since the begining of time
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Ecology
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interelationship of a living organism with its nonliving environment
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ecosystem
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A self supporting enviroment
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Primary Producers
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The Green plants that derive their energy from the sun
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Primary Consumer
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Animal that feeds on the leaves of the green plant
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Secondary Consumer
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Fox Preys on Rabbit
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Third Level Consumer
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The Scavengers or feeds on dead carcas left behind
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Decomposers
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Bacteria or Fungi that feed on the scraps left behind
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Earth Science
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The study of the planet earth
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Astronomy
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Study of the size movements and composition of the planets
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Open Universe Theory
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the universe will either continue the expansion indefinatly or begin a collapse
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Close universe Theory
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Universe will gravitationally collapse at some point in the distant future
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Quasars
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Quasi-Stellar radio sources
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Nebulae
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Dark Cloudlike formations
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Fusion
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15 million degrees centrigrade - the temp. at witch it begins
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Red Giant Stage
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energy source at the center forces the outer layers to swell as they become cooler
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Nova
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Outer layer cast off
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Supernova
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Explosive release of these outer layers
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Nebula
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Explosive results in clouds, dust and gas
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Neptune Star
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Very Dense Star
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Pulsars
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Stars that spin at a very fast rate
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Orbiters
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Small fleet of space shuttlecrafts
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Geology
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Study of the features of earth and how they affect its development
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Plate Tectonics Theory (2)
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-Explains the development of mountains and ocean trenches
- And Occerance of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions |
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Jigsaw fit
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Africa and South America once fit together
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Theory of Continental Drift
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All split continents formed a super continent called pangea millions of years ago
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Pangea
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All continents were once together
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Convection Cirremt
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Responsible for motion experienced at the crust of the earth (Very top layer)
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Buckling
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Formation of a mountain because of two plates colliding
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Volcano
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Occurs when heat beneath the surrface of the earth melts
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Trench
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Created when plate is forced down into the mantel of another
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Earthquake
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Formed by the shifting and breaking of the surrface rocks
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Seismic Waves
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Vibrations caused by the slippage of plates
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Seismograph
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Measurment of the size of waves or (earthquake scale)
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Richter Scale
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Earthquakes measured 4.5 or higher on this scale are considered dangerous
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Isostasy
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Balance point for crustal plate
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Elastic rebounding
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Springing back up of the land
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Geologic Time
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When geologists beleave earth was formed
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Absolute time
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Time not influenced by mans arbitrart reference points
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Igneous Rock
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Formed when molted Rock hardens
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Metamorphic Rocks
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Thouse that have been changed by high pressure and temperature within the crust
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Sedimentary rocks
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are made of pieces or sediments that were weatherd or broken up
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Radiometric measurement
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Tool used to measure absolute time
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Mineral
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Is a natural inorganic solid with a specific composition and structure
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Gravity
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Makes surface material move downward
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Glaciers
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huge sheets of ice that can move slowly over land
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Deltas
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formed in the mouths or rivers that empty out into a lake or ocean
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Dust bowl
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Place that crops were destroyed
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Weathering
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Breakdown of bedrock material
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Subsoil
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Bedrock broken down into smaller materials
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Humus
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Organic material comes from the decomposition and decay of dead plant and animal tissue
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Topsoil
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Necessary part of any fully developed soil layer
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Paleontology
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Study of evidence of earths past
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Archaeology
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The study of historic and prehistoric people and their cultures
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Oceanography
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Study of large bodies of water
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Oceanic Ridge
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A ridge that encircles the globe and is found at the bottom of the ocean
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Sonar
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Underwater Ranging device
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Tides
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Result from the rising and falling from the oceans surface caused by gravitational pull of sun, moon and earth
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Spring Tides
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Tides of greater then average range
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Neap Tides
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Tides of smaller then average range
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Syzygy
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Rare alignment of the sun moon and earth that causes extraordinarily high tides
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Atmosphere
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Invisible layer of air that envelops earth
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Meteorology
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Study of earths atmosphere to understand and predict the weather
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Hydrosphere
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The watery portion of earth
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Water cycle
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cycle helps to explain percipition
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percipitation
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When the clouds can not hold all the water it rains
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cumulus clouds
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puffy cotton like clouds
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cumulonimbus
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Storm clouds
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Stratus Clouds
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Low lying clouds
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cirrus clouds
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do not contain enough moisture to bring precipitation
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Front
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Ocurs when two air masses collide and a boundry between the two masses form
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Cold Front
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When cold air acts like a plow and pushes warm air back
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Warm Front
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Cold air retreats and warm air pushes
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Stationary Fronts
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Bring conditions similar to thouse brought by warm fronts
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Coriolis effect
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Rotation of the planet puts circulation pattern in a clockwise spin
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Chemistry
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Composition, structure, and properties of matter as well as the changes it undergoes
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types of matter (4)
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Solid
Liquid Gas Plasma |
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Atom
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smallest particles of a element that has the properties of that element
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Element
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Substance that occures in nature and that can not be broken down into a simpler substance
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Molecule
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Smallest part of a compound that can exist by its self
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Atomic Theory
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An atom can not be made, destroyed or divided and atoms of the same element are alike
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Nuclear Fusion
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Nucleous of an atom can be split by bombarding it with neutrons
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Dmitri Mendeleyev
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Russuan chemist that made the periodic table
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Periodic Table
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Calculations of atomic weights of the diffrent elements
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Nucleus
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Located in the center of the atom is made up of protons and neutrons
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Proton
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A positive charged particle
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Neutron
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Has a mass nearly equal of that of a proton but has no charge at all
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electron
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is a negativly charged particle
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Nuclear Force
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Strongest force in the universe
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Nuclear Fission
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Process of spliting the larger atoms
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Radioactive
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Material that is unstable and able to release raiation
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Radioactive Carbon
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Not harmfull and in the air
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Radiocarbondating
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tool to examine and date fossils from once living organisms including early man
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CAT Scans
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use computers to monitor the bodys reaction to xrays from a variety of angles
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MRI
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Screens to help in diagnosis of internal problems
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Metals
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Conduct heat and electricity
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Nonmetals
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Melt at low temps
Poor conductors |
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Metalloids
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Have properties of metals and nonmetals
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Periodic Law
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as the atomic number increases for elements in a colmn similar properties occur reg. to a greater dagree
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Reactant
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the substance that enter into the reaction
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Product
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is the substance that result from the reaction
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Combination Reaction
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Two elements or substances are combined
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Decompositon Reaction
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An element or substance is broken down
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Chemical Equation
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written in short hand from the chemical reaction
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Molecules
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structures containing more then one atom
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Law of Conservation of Matter
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Law holds that matter can neither be created nor destroyed in chemical reaction
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Balanced
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When the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the equation
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Physical Change
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A change that does not produce a new substance
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Physical Change
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A change that does not produce a new substance
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Chemical Change
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New substance is formed when this change occures
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Compounds
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Formed when two or more elements combine in a chemical reaction
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Mixtures
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Are substances that are formed when two or more elements or compounds are mixed in diffrent proportions
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Solution
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Is a mixture formed when solid liquid or gaseous substance is dissolved in a liquid
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Solute
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The substance that is dissolved into the liquid
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Solvent
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the liquid in witch the substance is dissolved
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aqueous solution
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features water as the solvent
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tincture
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antiseptic tincture of iodine has alchol as the solvent
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Alloys
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When metals are combined in varying proportions
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Amalgam
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formed when a metal is disolved into mercury
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Covalent bond
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two or more atoms of different elements share electrons to form a molecule
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Bond
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is a force that holds together two atoms
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Acid
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is a covalent compound that produces hydrogen icons when dissolved in water
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Base
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Is a compound that forms hydroxide ions when dissolved in water
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Alkaline
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Dissolve in water and have a slippery feel
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Litmus Test
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Test that chemists use to determine whether a substance is an acid or a base
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Acidosis
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If the pH in your blood is more acidic this is what u suffer from
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Alkalosis
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pH above 7.45
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Buffers
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Natural chemical balancers that fight the change in pH
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catalyst
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is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction
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Chemical equilibrium
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when the rate of forward reaction balances the rate of reverse reaction
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Physics
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the branch of science that concerns the behavior of matter in our world
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Force
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Shows the presence of energy in an environment
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Energy
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is the capacity to do work
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Mechanics
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the area of physics that deals with foces energy and their effect on bodies
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Aristotle
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Greek Philosopher that theorized heavy bodies fall faster then lighter ones
(poven false) |
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Galileo
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Itilian Scientist and mathematician who dripped items of different weights from the leaning tower of pisa
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Sir Isaac Newton
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Formulated laws of gravity and motion explained how forces act on objects
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Law of universal Gravitation
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Every bodu having a mass exerts an attractive force on every other body having a mass
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Law of inertia
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A body remains at rest or continues in a state of uniform motion unless a force acts on it
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The Law of applied force
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A bodys change in speed and direction is proportional to the amount of force applied
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The law of action and reaction
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For ebery action there is an equal but oppisite reaction force
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Work
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Occues when a force succeeds in moving an object it acts apon`
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Kenetic Energy
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is energy possessed by a body in motion
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Potential energy
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energy that is stored or is avalible for use by a body
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Power
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The rate at which work is done
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Law of conservation of energy
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holds that all of the energy if the universe is conserved
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Nuclear energy
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energy from splitting of an atom
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Chemical Energy
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energy from the reactionm of two or more substances combining with one another
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Electric energy
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energy from an eletric current
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solar energy
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energy from the heat of the sun
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steam energy
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energy from steam pressure
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Machine
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is a divice that trasmits or multiplys force
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lever
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is a simple machine used to lift heavy weights
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Kenetic theory of matter
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matter exists in three states solid liquid and gas
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Plasma
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A ionized gas
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Solid
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composed of atoms or molecules in limited motion
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Liquids
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Individual atoms or molecules are able to move past one another into new positions
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Gases
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substances in which the individual atoms or molecules are in constant random motion
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Conduction
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Transfer of heat between objects that are in direct contact
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Convection
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method depends on the currents of water and air
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Radiation
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Waves of heat
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Wave
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Periodic or harmonic disturbance in space
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Crest
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is the point of highest displacement in a wave
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Wavelength
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is defined as the distance between two successive wave crest or two successive wave throughs
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Wave frequency
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is the number of wave crests that pass a given point per second
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Doppler Effect
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Used to forecast tornadoes and detect the motions of stars in our galaxy
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Ultrasonic Waves
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Very High piched waves
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Light
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A form of electromagnetic energy
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Ultraviolet rays
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invisible and let out through the sun
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Infrared rays
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let out by hear emitting objects
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reflection
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the angular return of a light wave that happends when it strikes a shiny surface
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refraction
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the apparent bending of light waves as they pass from one medium to another
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diffraction
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the bending of light waves according to their wavelengths
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interference
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the altering of brightness of light rays that occures when they interfere with each other
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polarization
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the restriction of light waves to a particular plane horiziontal or vertical
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electricty
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form of energy that results from the flow of loose electrons
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poles
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attraction at opposite ends of a magnet
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magnetic fields
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space around magnets
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magnetic domains
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magnetic concentrations
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static electricity
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stationary electrical charge caused by the friction of two objects
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conductors
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charges that can move easily through certin materials
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insulators
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materials that have no conduct charges at all
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electric current
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created by a electric charge in motion
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ions
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in a liquid or gas the current may be positivly and negativly charged atoms
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electromagnet
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core of soft magnetic material surrounded by a coil of wire
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turbine
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Wire loop conecting two magnets
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hydroelectric power
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power generated through the use of water
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