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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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gel made from algae which provides an ideal growth medium
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Agar jelly
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one form of a gene
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allele
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the selection by humans of individual plants or animals for breeding in order to enhance a desired characteristic
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artificial selection
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reproduction which does not involve the fusing of gametes. Results in genetically identical offspring
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asexual reproduction
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a person who carries a recessive allelle for a particular disease
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carriers
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organisms which are genetically identical to one another
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clones
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rod shaped bodies found in the nucleus of cells that contain genetic information (DNA)
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chromosomes
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the material inside the nucleus of cells which carries genetic information. DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid
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DNA
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an allele that always expresses itself whether it is partnered by a recessive allele or by another like itself
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dominant
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hardened remains or impression of an organism that existed in the geological past
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fossil
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the sex cells -sperm in males, ova (eggs) in females
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gametes
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basic unit of genetic material that is inherited from our parents. A gene is a section of DNA which controls part of a cell's chemistry - particularly protein production
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gene
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the genetic make-up of an individual organism
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genotype
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having different alleles for a particular characteristic
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heterozygous
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having the same alleles for a particular characteristic
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homozygous
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chemical messengers produced in glands and carried by the blood to specific organs in the body
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hormone
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a hormone which regulates the level of sugar in the blood. It is produced in the Islets of Langerhans, in the Pancreas.
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insulin
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process of cell division which creates sex cells
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meiosis
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an error in DNA replication which results in a change in an organism's genetic blueprint. Some mutations are random, others are caused by environmental factors
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mutation
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the natural process whereby the best-adapted individuals survive longer and have more offspring, thereby spreading their characteristics through a population. 'Survival of the fittest'.
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natural selection
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observable characteristics of an organism - the visible expression of its genetic make-up
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phenotype
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an allele which only expresses itself when it is partnered by another like itself
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recessive allele
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difference between individuals; distance from the norm
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variation
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a fertilised egg, resulting from the union of two gametes
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zygote
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