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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Multi-store |
The idea that information passes through a series of memory stores
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Sensory store
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Hold information received from the senses for a very short period of time
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Recency effect
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Information received later is recalled better than earlier information
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Primacy effect
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The first information received is recalled better than the subsequent information
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Reconstructive memory
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Alerting out recollection of things so that they make more sense to us
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Levels of processing
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The depth at which information is thought about when trying to learn it
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Interference
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Things that we have learnt that make it difficult to recall other information that we have learnt
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Retroactive interference
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When information we have recently learnt hinders our ability to recall information we have learnt previously
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Proactive interference
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When information we have already learnt hinders our ability to recall new information
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Context
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The general setting or environment in which activities happen
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Hippocampus
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A brain structure that is crucial for memory
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Anterograde amnesia
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Being unable to learn new information after suffering brain damage
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Retrograde amnesia
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Loss of memory for events that happened before the brain damage occurred
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Reliability
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In the context of eyewitness testimony, the extent to which it can be regarded as accurate
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Leading questions
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A question that hints a particular type of answer is required
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Cognitive interview
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A method of questioning witnesses that involves recreating the context of an event
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Encoding
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Changing information so that it can be stored
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Storage
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Holding information in the memory system
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Retrieval
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Recovering information from storage
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Short-term store
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Holds information approximately 7 chunks of information for a limited amount of time
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Long-term store
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Holds a vast of information for a very long period of time
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Structural processing
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Thinking about the physical appearance of words to be learnt
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Phonetic processing
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Thinking about the sound of words to be learnt
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Murdock (memory)
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Multi-store - Lists of words
Evaluation: 1. Everything we learn doesn't have to be rehearsed: life events 2. Ecological validity - Realistic tasks aren't list of words |
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Craik and Lockhart (memory)
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L.O.P - Lists of words
Evaluation: 1. Doesn't explain why deeper L.O.P helps memory 2. Ecological validity - Realistic tasks aren't list of words |
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Bartlett (memory)
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Reconstructive memory - War of Ghosts
1. War of ghosts is a confusing story 2. Not similar to everyday experiences |
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Underwood & Postman (memory)
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Interference - Pairs of words
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Godden & Baddeley
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Context - Underwater testing |
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Loftus and Palmer
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EWT - Leading questions |
