Gcse Pe Glossary

Front 1

Agility

Back 1

The ability to change the position of the body quickly and to control the movement of the whole body.

Front 2

abduction

Back 2

the action of a muscle causing a limb move outwards, away from the body.

Front 3

anabolic steriods

Back 3

drugs, banned in sport, that minic the male sex hormone testosterone and promote bone and mucle growth.

Front 4

abduction

Back 4

the action of a muscle causing a limb move in towards the body.

Front 5

antagonistic muscles

Back 5

two muscles that work together to move a limb.

Front 6

atrophy

Back 6

muscles wastage(through age, illness, malnutrition or lack of use)

Front 7

body composition

Back 7

the percentage of the body weight which is fat, muscle and bone.

Front 8

calcuim

Back 8

a vital element for healthy bones, the best sources are milk(cheese and yoghurt.

Front 9

capillaries

Back 9

microscopic blood vessels that link the arteries with the veins.

Front 10

carbo-loading

Back 10

a method of increasing.

Front 11

cardiac output

Back 11

the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute.

Front 12

cartliage

Back 12

gristle- like tissue. In humans, most carliage changes into bone by adulthood.

Front 13

diaphragm

Back 13

a sheet of muscle and tough fribes that cuts off the chest region from the rest of the body cavity

Front 14

ectomorph

Back 14

a somatotype characterized by linearity (thickness).

Front 15

endomoph

Back 15

a somatotype charaterized by fatness.

Front 16

fatlek

Back 16

literity :speedplay; training using jogging, sprints and rest intervals.

Front 17

haemoglobin

Back 17

the red, oxygen- carrying pigment in red blood cells.

Front 18

hypertrophy

Back 18

muscle enlargement.

Front 19

isomertic

Back 19

when a muscle contracts but stays in a fixed position, neither shortening nor lenghtening, eg. when pressing aganist a statinary object.

Front 20

isotonic

Back 20

when a muscle contracts and the muscle fribes shorten or lenghten, resulting in limb movement.

Front 21

glycogyn

Back 21

levels in the body,party by eating lots of carbohydrate- rich foods a day or two before an event(e.g a marthon)

Front 22

cardivoscular

Back 22

realting to the heart and blood vessels.

Front 23

circulatory system

Back 23

the system that transports oxygenated blood and nurients to the various parts of the body.

Front 24

energy blance

Back 24

taking in and using up an equal number of kilocalories.

Front 25

lean body mass

Back 25

total body weight less the weight of the fat in the body.

Front 26

mesomorph

Back 26

a somatotype characterized by muscularity.

Front 27

minearls

Back 27

inorganic substances that our boides need for a varity of functions.

Front 28

muscle girth

Back 28

the sized around the muscle taken at the widest part when the muscle is flexed.

Front 29

obese

Back 29

describing someone who is abnormally fat. The condition is called obesity.

Front 30

optimum weight

Back 30

most favourable weight for an indivual.

Front 31

overfat

Back 31

a way of saying you have more body fat than you should have.

Front 32

oxygen debt

Back 32

the extra amont of oxygen needed to recover from anaerobic activity.

Front 33

respriration

Back 33

the process in which the body takes in oxygen and gives out carbon dioxde.

Front 34

reversbittly

Back 34

any changes that take place as a consequence of TRAINING(e.g increased fitness) will be reversed when you stop training.

Front 35

specificity

Back 35

you must do speciffic kinds of activitty or execrise to build or improve speciffi body parts or skills.

Front 36

stroke volume

Back 36

the volume of blood pumped out of the heart by each Ventricle during one contraction.

Front 37

tendoms

Back 37

non- elastic fribes that attach muscles to bone.

Front 38

tidal volume

Back 38

the amount of air breathed in or out of the lungs in one breath.

Front 39

vital capacity

Back 39

the maximum amount of air that can be forciby exhaled after breathing in as much as possible.

Front 40

dehydration

Back 40

having an abnorally low water content in the body.

Front 41

glucose

Back 41

a type of sugar found in carbohdrates.

Front 42

hygiene

Back 42

the practic of keeping clean and stopping the spread of germs.

Front 43

lean body mass

Back 43

total body weight less the weight of the fat in the body.

Front 44

elitle athlete

Back 44

sportperson at the top of their profession.

Front 45

overweight

Back 45

having weight in excess of normal. Not harmful unless it becomes Obesity.

Front 46

reaction time

Back 46

the time between the presention of a Stimulus and the onset of movement.

Front 47

recovery rate

Back 47

how long the Heart Rate takes to get back to normal.

Front 48

Roation

Back 48

the action of a muscle causing a limb turn around.

Front 49

speed

Back 49

the rate at which an individual is able to perform a movement or cover a distance.

Front 50

static

Back 50

stationary, not moving.

Front 51

stimulants

Back 51

drugs that act on the cental nervous system to make a person more alert. They include Nicatone, caffeine, amphetaminies and cocaine.

Front 52

symptoms

Back 52

what someone feels and can describle about an injury or illness.

Front 53

ventricle

Back 53

either of the two lower chambers of the heart that contract to force blood around the Circulatory System.

Front 54

weight training

Back 54

using progessive resitance, either in weight liffted or number of times a weight is liffted.

Front 55

warm- up

Back 55

a pertiod of Execrise to prepere for a main activity.

Front 56

muscle girth

Back 56

the size around the muscle taken at the widest part when the muscle is flexed.