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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Language
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A structured system of symbols for communicating meaning.
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symbols, referents
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Arbitrary representations of frequently ambiguous referents; the objects, events, ideas, or relationships referred to by the words.
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phoneme, morpheme, syntax
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The individual sounds that compose a specific spoken language(letter); the smallest unit of meaning in a language(word); the rules that govern appropriate combinations of words into sentences.
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productivity
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the capacity of language to transform a small number of phonemes into whatever words, phrases, and sentences we require to communicate our abundance of thoughts, ideas, and feelings.
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displacement
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The human ability to use language to talk about objects, ideas, events, and relations that don't just exist in the here and now.
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self-refexiveness
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The ability to us language to talk about language. Ex. "My sentence is ungrammatical."
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abstracting
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The process of selective perception whereby we formulate increasingly vague conceptions of our world by leaving out details associated with objects, events, and ideas.
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inferences
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conclusions about the unknown based on the known.
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judgments
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subjective evaluations of objects, events, or ideas.
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linguistic determinism, linguistic relativity, Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
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Claims we are the prisoners of our native language, unable to think certain thoughts or perceive in certain ways because of the grammatical structure and lexicon of our language; Claims the grammar and lexicon of our native language powerfully influences but does not imprison our thinking and perception; these two versions are both referred to as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.
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signal response
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An automatic, conditioned reponse to a symbol.
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framing
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the influence wording has on our perception of choices.
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denotation, connotation.
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The socially agreed upon meaning of words; the volatile, personal, subjective meaning of words.
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false dichotomy
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using either-or language to frame a choice as though only two opposing possibilities exist when at least a third option is clearly availible.
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jargon, euphemism
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Specialized language of a proffesion, trade, or group; a form of linguistic novocaine whereby word choices numb us to or camofo
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euphemism
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a form of linguistic novocaine whereby word choices numb us to or camouflage unpleasent or offensive realities.
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