Gargiulo Ch 6 Vocab- Intellectual Disabilities

Front 1

Standard deviation

Back 1

A descriptive statistic that expresses the variability and distribution of a set of scores relative to the mean

Front 2

Adaptive behaviour

Back 2

The ability of an individual to meet the standards of personal independence as well as social responsibility appropriate for their chronological age and cultural group

Front 3

Educable Mentally Retarded (EMR)

Back 3

Classification of a person with mild intellectual disabilities who typically develops functional academic skills at 3rd to 4th grade level; IQ range typically between 50-75

Front 4

Training Mentally Retarding (TMR)

Back 4

Classification of a person with moderate intellectual disabilities who is capable of learning self care and social skills; IQ typically 35-55

Front 5

Level of Support

Back 5

A classification scheme for individuals with intellectual disabilities that is based on the type and extent of assistance needed to function in various areas

Front 6

Natural supports

Back 6

Assistance rendered family members, family, teachers, and coworkers

Front 7

Formal supports

Back 7

Assistance provided by government social programs, habilitation services, or advocacy groups

Front 8

Normalization

Back 8

A principle advocating that individuals with disabilities should be integrated, to the maximum extent possible, into all aspects of everyday living

Front 9

Deinstitutionalization

Back 9

A movement whereby persons with IDs are relocated from large institutions to smaller, community based, group living settings

Front 10

Etiology

Back 10

Term frequently used when describing the cause of a disability

Front 11

Prenatal

Back 11

Events occuring before birth

Front 12

Perinatal

Back 12

Events occuring during, at, or directly after birth

Front 13

Postnatal

Back 13

Events occuring after birth

Front 14

Down Syndrome

Back 14

A chromosomal abnormality frquently resulting in IDs with accompanyong distinctive physical features

Front 15

Chronic villus sampling (CVS)

Back 15

A diagnostic medical procedure used to detect a variety of chromosomal abnormalities, usually conducted in the 1st trimester of pregnancy

Front 16

Amniocentesis

Back 16

A diagnosis medical procedure performed to detect chromosomal and genetic abnormalities in a fetus

Front 17

Theraputic abortion

Back 17

Elective termination of a pregnancy due to the presence of a birth defect

Front 18

Fragile X syndrome

Back 18

A chromosomal abnormality leading to IDs along with physical abnormalities; believed to be the most common form of inherited IDs

Front 19

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Back 19

An inherited metabolic disorder resulting from the inability of the body to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine; can be detected at birth and controlled by diet; left untreated, consequences are often severe

Front 20

Galactosemia

Back 20

An inborn error of metabolism that makes infants unable to process galactose, resulting in a variety of physical problems in addition to IDs; dietary intervention reduces potential for problems

Front 21

Rubella

Back 21

A viral disease also known as German Measles; contact in 1st trimester often results in a variety of significant impairments

Front 22

Syphilis

Back 22

A venereal disease; infection of the mother In the last trimester can cause IDs in the child

Front 23

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Back 23

An infectious disease caused by HIV that destroys the Immune system, leaving the person open to serious, life threatening diseases

Front 24

Rh Incompatibility

Back 24

A condition that results when an Rh- woman carries an Rh+ fetus. Mothers will produce antibodies that can affect babies resulting from future pregnancies; often leads to IDs and other impairments if mother does not recieve an injection of Rho immune globulin

Front 25

Toxoplasmosis

Back 25

A maternal infection resulting from contact with parasites; especially devastating if exposure occurs during 3rd trimester

Front 26

Cytomegalovirus

Back 26

A common virus part of the herpes group; exposure during pregnancy can lead to severe damage to the fetus

Front 27

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

Back 27

Results from mothers consumption fof alcohol while pregnant; mild to moderate IDs are common, along with physical deformities; a leading cause of IDs, but completely preventable

Front 28

Fetal alcohol effect (FAE)

Back 28

A less severe and more subtle form of FAS; caused by drinking alcohol while pregnant

Front 29

Anencephaly

Back 29

Cranial malformation; large part of brain fails to develop

Front 30

Microcephaly

Back 30

A condition in which the head is unusually small, leading to inadequate development of the brain and resulting in IDs

Front 31

Hydrocephalus

Back 31

A condition in which the head is unusually large due to an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid; brain damage is often minimized by surgically implanting a shunt to remove excess fluid

Front 32

Low birth weight

Back 32

A term frequently used to describe babies who are born weighing less than 5lb 8oz

Front 33

Premature births

Back 33

Babies born prior to 37wks

Hint 33

Preemies

Front 34

Anoxia

Back 34

Loss of/inadequate supply of oxygen associated with birth process and frequently resulting in brain damage

Front 35

Hypoxia

Back 35

Insufficient amount of oxygen to the brain; can result in brain damage

Front 36

Birth trauma

Back 36

Difficulties associated with delivery

Front 37

Breech presentation

Back 37

Fetus exits the birth canal butt first, rather than typical headfirst presentation

Front 38

Precipitous birth

Back 38

Birth occurs in less than two hours

Front 39

Lead poisoning

Back 39

An environmental toxin used at one time to make gas and paint; ingestion of lead can cause seizures, brain damage, and impaired CNS functioning

Front 40

Meningitis

Back 40

A viral or bacterial infection of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord; associated with hearing loss and IDs

Front 41

Encephalitis

Back 41

An inflamation of the brain; may cause damage to the CNS

Front 42

Generalizing

Back 42

The ability to transfer previously learned knowledge or skills acquired in one setting to another set of circumstances or situation

Front 43

Functional curriculum

Back 43

A curriculum that emphasizes practical life skills rather than academic skills

Front 44

Functional academics

Back 44

The application of life skills as a means of teaching academic tasks; core of many instructional programs for students with mild to moderate IDs

Front 45

Community-based instruction

Back 45

A strategy for teaching functional skills in the environment in which they would naturally occur rather than in simulated settings

Front 46

Task anaylsis

Back 46

An instructional methodology whereby complex tasks are analyzed and broken down into sequential component parts; each part is taught separately then as a whole

Front 47

Cooperative learning

Back 47

Instructional process whereby heterogeneous groups of students work together on an assignment

Front 48

Scaffolding

Back 48

A cognitive teaching strategy in which teacher provides temporary support to student who is learning a new task; supports are gradually removed as pupil becomes increasingly competent with the activity

Front 49

Infant simulation

Back 49

Programs for infants with disabilities or those experiencing delays; emphasis usually on achieving developmental or cognitive milestones

Front 50

Environmental at risk

Back 50

Youngsters who are biologicalbiologically typical yet encounter life experiences or environmental circumstances that are so limiting that there is a possibility of future delayed development

Front 51

Biologically at risk

Back 51

Young children with a history of pre-, peri-, or postnatal conditions and developmental events that heighten the potential for later atypical development

Front 52

Sheltered workshop

Back 52

A structured work environment for persons with disabilities in which vocational and social skills are often the focus of attention; may be temporary or permanent placement

Front 53

Supported competitive employment

Back 53

At a work site for typical workers, individuals with disabilities are employed and work alongside their typical peers but receive ongoing assistance from a job coach

Front 54

Job coach

Back 54

A person who supervises an individual with disabilities for all or part of the day to provide training, assistance, or support to maintain a job

Front 55

Self determination

Back 55

Self advocacy efforts by an individual with a disability; expression of desire to live one's life according to one's own wishes; assuming personal control over one's life

Front 56

Self advocacy

Back 56

Speaking out for one's personal preferences; protecting one's own interests

Front 57

Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)

Back 57

Symbols, aids, strategies, and techniques used as a supplement or alternative to oral language