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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
define pathology
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literal: study of suffering.
the study of structural and functional changes in cell, tissues and organs that underlie disease |
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list techniques used in pathology
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1. frozen sections (quick test used in OR during surgery)
2. histochemistry 3. electron microscopy 4. histopathology 5. immunohistochemistry |
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list out laboratory medicine used by pathologists
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1. hematology
2. microbiology 3. medical microbiology 4. immunopathology 5. blood bank/transfusion medicine 6. clinical chemistry 7. toxicologic pathology 8. hematopathology |
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what can be used for molecular diagnosis
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1. southern & western blots
2. PCR 3. FISH 4. DNA sequencing 5. in situ hybridization 6. RFLP |
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differentiat dystrophic vs. metastatic calcification
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1. Dystrophic calcification is deposition of calcium salts in nonviable or dying tissues, which results in mineralization of tissue. This occurs as a reaction to tissue damage, including as a consequence of medical device implantation. trying to heal damaged/infected tissue.
2. MC - deposition of calcium in normal tissues due to hypercalcemia. primarily affects the interstitial tissues of the blood vessels, kidneys, lungs, and gastric mucosa (has a gritty appearance) |
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define: anthracosis
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lung disease caused by inhaling coal dust. presence of inert carbon in macrophages
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define: karyorrhexis
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Rupture of the nucleus, releasing disintegrated chromatin.
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define: hemochromatosis
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iron overload in parenchymal cells, tissue damage occurs. (treat by bleeding them frequently to lower iron, and then will force to suck iron out of liver). H&E shows brown pigment in hepatocytes. Prussian blue will see blue iron buildup in biliary portal areas.
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define: hemosiderin
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A yellowish brown granular pigment formed by breakdown of hemoglobin, found in phagocytes and in tissues especially in disturbances of iron metabolism (as in hemochromatosis, hemosiderosis, or some anemias).
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define: hemosiderosis
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iron overload in RE cells, no tissue damage.
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define: hyaline
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Glassy or transparent. Particularly the substance which covers the ends of bone at a joint.
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define: lipofuscin
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the brown waste material deposited in skin and nerve cells that is commonly called "age spots." Lipofuscin is made of free radical damaged proteins and fats.
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define: lysosome
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A sac-like compartment inside a cell that has enzymes that can break down cellular components that need to be destroyed.
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define: pyknosis
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Pyknosis, or karyopyknosis, is the condensation of chromatin in the nucleus of a cell undergoing programmed cell death
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define: suppuration
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The formation and/or discharge of pus
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list causes of metastatic calcification
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1. hyperparathyroidism
2. destruction of bone (bone tumors) -cancer metastases 3. inc Vit D or Sarcoidosis 4. renal failure (anything that leads to hypercalcemia can cause MC) |
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define: tuberculosis
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An infectious disease of the lung that is caused by the organism Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is transmitted by the airborne spread of droplets containing tubercle bacilli.
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