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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Microevolution
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- evolution occurring below the species level
- it operates over much shorter time scales and is sometimes synonymous with "population genetics" - evolutionary change in populations in a particular species |
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Macroevolution
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- evolutionary change that results in the production of new species
- it operates over much longer time scales - the origin and extinction of species |
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Biological Species Concept (BSC)
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focuses on factors that reproductively isolate different groups (genetic isolation)
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Pre-mating Isolation Factors
(Reproductive Isolating Mechanisms) |
- habitat isolation
- temporal isolation - behavioral isolation - gametic isolation |
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Post-mating Isolation Factors
(Reproductive Isolating Mechanisms) |
- reduced hybrid viability
- reduced hybrid fertility - zygote/offspring die before birth |
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Morphological Species Concept (Paleospecies)
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species are extremely similar morphologically
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Allopatric speciation
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new species form due to geographic isolation
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Allopatry
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populations living in different geographic area
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Sympatry
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populations living in the same geographic area
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What types of evolutionary forces can help create new species?
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- natural selection
- genetic drift - mutation |
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Three steps of allopatric speciation
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1. isolation
2. divergence 3. reproductive isolation |
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Geographical features that influence speciation
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- meteor impacts
- plate tectonics - climate change |
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Adaptive Radiation
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- the diversification of species into different lineages as they adapt to new ecological niches and ultimately evolve into distinct species
- a rapid expansion and diversification of species into different ecological niches (resulting in lots of speciation) |
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Ecological Niche
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the position of a species within its physical and biological environment
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Circumstances of adaptive radiation
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1. Extinction of competitors
2. Colonization of area where no competitors are found 3. Adaptive "breakthroughs" |
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Taxonomy
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the science of finding, describing, naming, and classifying organisms
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Phylogenetics
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the study of the evolutionary relationship among organisms
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Cladistics
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determines the true evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms, based on characteristics shared between organisms that share a common ancestor
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Convergent evolution
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traits shared between organisms due to similar use but do not have a common ancestry
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