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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Must have proximal stability in order to have...
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distal mobility
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Three main function of the limbns and pelvis throughout gait cycle
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1. Shock absorption as heel strikes groun
2. Maintenance of stability while superior segments are changing (Stability/Mobility) 3. Compulsion- push off |
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Transistional Movement
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the abililty to move from one position to the next (the patterns and what it takes to move between positions). Ex. moving from seated to supine..
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Percentages of time spent in Stance Phase
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60%
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Percentage of time spent in swing phase
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40%
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Gait Cycle
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Heel strike
Heel strike to foot flat Foot flat to midstance Midstance to heel off Toe off Toe off to acceleration Acceleration to midswing Midswing to deceleration |
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What do the stance phases of both legs do?
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They Overlap- known as double support
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Heel Strike
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instance in which the leading foot strikes and hits the ground. Occurs at 0% of gait phase
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Foot Flat
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Point at which foot fully has contact with the floor
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Mid Stance
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Point at which the body weight is directly supporting the leg
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Heel off
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Point at which heel of reference leg leaves the ground
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Toe
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Point at which only the toe of the reference extremity is in contact with the ground
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Gait Cycle
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Heel strike
Heel strike to foot flat Foot flat to midstance Midstance to heel off Toe off Toe off to acceleration Acceleration to midswing Midswing to deceleration |
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Acceleration
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time in which the toe of reference leg leaves ground up until mid-swing
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What do the stance phases of both legs do?
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They Overlap- known as double support
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Heel Strike
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instance in which the leading foot strikes and hits the ground. Occurs at 0% of gait phase
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Mid Swing
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Occurs when reference leg passes beneath the body
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Deceleration
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Occurs when tibia passes beyond the perpendicular and the knee is extending in preparation for heel strike
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Foot Flat
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Point at which foot fully has contact with the floor
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Mid Stance
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Point at which the body weight is directly supporting the leg
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Heel off
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Point at which heel of reference leg leaves the ground
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Toe
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Point at which only the toe of the reference extremity is in contact with the ground
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Acceleration
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time in which the toe of reference leg leaves ground up until mid-swing
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Mid Swing
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Occurs when reference leg passes beneath the body
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Deceleration
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Occurs when tibia passes beyond the perpendicular and the knee is extending in preparation for heel strike
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Lowest velocity during gait
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Mid stance
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Highest velocity during gait
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double limb support
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Step Length
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distance between two successive points of contact of opposite leg
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Stride Length
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distance from point of heel strike to next heel strike of same leg
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Stride Width/ BOS
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Distance between the two feet
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What muscle is weak and affects gait in stroke patients
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Ant. Tibialis
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Main task of balance while standing or walking
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to maintain the body in an upright position by aligning its COG over its BOS
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Where do most peoples COG lie?
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at the Center of the Pelvis
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Common Signs of Leg Length Discrepancies
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Shoulder Dropped on the longer side
Arm Abducted arm swing on the longer side Pelvis Higher on the longer side (especially noticeable in swing phase) Leg Circumduction on the longer side in swing Knee Excessive flexion on the longer side in swing to allow ground clearance Foot Out toe on the shorter side |
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Infants age 11-15 months
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Should be walking by this point!
- Flat foot contact Wide base of support Prolonged stance phase External hip rotation High guard position of arms. |
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High Guard arm position
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Arms abducted, elbows flexed
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4-5 years old- Gait?
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Should be more similar to an adult
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Two-years old
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More mature gait pattern
Heel strike Knee flexion in stance appears Reciprocal arm swing Less external rotation at hips Base of support narrows Look at quality of movement |
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Age 60-65
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Slower stride
Smaller stride length Other than that, few differences |
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Falls can be attributed to factors such as
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Low bone mass density
Smoking weight/ Dibetes Disease Medication |
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After the age of 70 who is at the highest risk of falling?
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Women
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Truncal Ataxia
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Difficulty with the task of standing in tandum. Tend to have a wide BOS, unsteady gait and when standing with feet close together
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