Ga Block 1

Front 1

Extension

Back 1

straightening a part or increasing its angle btwn body parts

Front 2

Flexion

Back 2

bending a part or decreasing its angle btwn body parts

Front 3

Adduction

Back 3

retraction

moving toward the midline of the body

Front 4

Abduction

Back 4

protraction

moving away from the midline of the body

Front 5

Rotation

Back 5

moving a body part around its long axis

Front 6

Lateral Rotation

Back 6

turns the anterior surface of a body part laterally (away from the midline)

Front 7

Medial Rotation

Back 7

turns the anterior surface of a body part medially (toward the midline)

Front 8

Trapezius

Back 8

Origin- superior nuchal line, EOP, nuchal ligament, C7-T12

Insertion- clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

Innervation- CN XI (accessory)

Blood Supply- transverse cervical artery

Action- 1. Descending fibers elevate scapula 2. Ascending fibers depresses scapula 3. Middle fibers retract scapula

Front 9

Latissimus dorsi

Back 9

Origin- T7 to T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest

Insertion- intertubercular sulcus

Innervation- thoracodorsal nerve

Blood Supply- thoracodorsal artery

Action- extension, adduction, and medial rotation of humerus

Front 10

Rhomboid major

Back 10

Origin- T2 to T5

Insertion- medial border of scapula inferior to spine

Innervation- dorsal scapular nerve

Blood Supply- dorsal scapular artery

Action- retract scapula, rotate scapula to depress glenoid cavity, and hold scapula close to thoracic wall

Front 11

Rhomboid minor

Back 11

Origin- nuchal ligament, and C7 to T1

Insertion- medial border of scapula near spine

Innervation- dorsal scapular nerve

Blood Supply- dorsal scapular artery

Action- same as rhomboid major

Front 12

Levator scapulae

Back 12

Origin- transverse processes of C1-C4

Insertion- medial border of scapula superior to spine (superior angle?)

Innervation- dorsal scapular nerve

Blood Supply- dorsal scapular artery

Action- elevates the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity

Front 13

Splenius capitis

Back 13

Origin- nuchal ligament and C7-T3

Insertion- mastoid process of temporal bone, lateral portion of superior nuchal line

Innervation- posterior rami of spinal nerves

Blood Supply-

Action- laterally flex neck and rotate head, extend head and neck

Front 14

Splenius cervicis

Back 14

Origin- nuchal ligament and C7-T4

Insertion- tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C3

Innervation- posterior rami of spinal nerves

Blood Supply-

Action- same as splenius capitis

Front 15

Serratus anterior

Back 15

Origin-
Insertion-
Innervation-
Blood Supply-
Action-

Front 16

Supraspinatus

Back 16

Origin- supraspinous fossa

Insertion- superior facet of greater tubercle

Innervation- suprascapular nerve

Blood Supply-

Action- holds humerus in joint, acts in first 15 degrees of abduction

Front 17

Infraspinatus

Back 17

Origin- infraspinous fossa

Insertion- middle facet of greater tubercle

Innervation- suprascapular nerve

Blood Supply-

Action- holds humeral head in glenoid cavity, and laterally rotates arm

Front 18

Teres minor

Back 18

Origin- middle part of lateral border of scapula

Insertion- inferior facet of greater tubercle

Innervation- axillary nerve

Blood Supply-

Action- laterally rotates arm, and holds humeral head in glenoid cavity

Front 19

Subscapularis

Back 19

Origin- subscapular fossa

Insertion- lesser tubercle

Innervation- upper and lower subscapular nerves

Blood Supply-

Action- medially rotates arm, adducts arm, and holds humeral head in glenoid cavity

Front 20

Teres major

Back 20

Origin- posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula

Insertion- medial lip of intertubercular sulcus

Innervation- lower subscapular nerve

Blood Supply-

Action- adducts and medially rotates arm

Front 21

3 major native muscles of back

Back 21

Splenius muscles
Erector Spinae (Spinalis, Longissimus, Iliocostalis)
Transversospinalis (Semispinalis, Multifundus, Rotatores)

Front 22

Semispinalis (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)

Back 22

Origin- transverse processes of C4-T12

Insertion- occipital bone (capitis), spinous processes 4-6 segments superior to origin

Innervation- posterior rami of spinal nerves

Blood Supply-

Action- extends head and thoracic, cervical regions of column, also rotates them contralaterally

Front 23

Deltoid brachii

Back 23

Origin- lateral third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

Insertion- deltoid tuberosity

Innervation- axillary nerve

Blood Supply- anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries

Action- 1. clavicular part flexes and medially rotates arm 2. acromial part abducts arm 3. spinal part extends and laterally rotates arm

Front 24

Spinalis (capitis, cervicis, and thoracis)

Back 24

Origin- iliac crest, sacrum, iliosacral ligaments

Insertion- spinous processes of upper thorax, cranium

Innervation- posterior rami of spinal nerves

Blood supply- posterior intercostal artery

Action- extend vertebral column and head (allow us to stand erect)

Front 25

Longissimus (capitis, cervicis, and thoracis)

Back 25

Origin- iliac crest, sacrum, and iliosacral ligaments

Insertion- mastoid process, transverse processes in thoracic and cervical regions

Innervation- posterior rami of spinal nerves

Blood Supply-

Action- same as spinalis

Front 26

Iliocostalis (cervicis, thoracis, and lumborum)

Back 26

Origin- iliac crest, sacrum, iliosacral ligaments

Insertion- angles of lower ribs, cervical transverse processes

Innervation- posterior rami of spinal nerves

Blood supply-

Action- same as spinalis

Front 27

Rotatores

Back 27

Origin- transverse processes of vertebrae

Insertion- spinous processes either 1 or 2 vertebra superior to its origin

Innervation- posterior rami of spinal nerves

Blood supply-

Action- stabilize vertebrae and assist with local extension and rotation mvmts of column

Front 28

Multifidus

Back 28

Origin- sacrum, mamillary processes of lumbar, transverse processes of T1-3, and articular processes of C4-7

Insertion- spinous processes of vertebrae located 2-4 segments superiorly to origin

Innervation- posterior rami of spinal nerves

Blood supply-

Action- stabilize vertebrae during local mvmts of vertebral column

Front 29

Rectus capitis posterior minor

Back 29

Origin- posterior tubercle of C1

Insertion- inferior nuchal line

Innervation- suboccipital nerve (posterior ramus of C1)

Front 30

Rectus capitis posterior major

Back 30

Origin- spinous process of C2

Insertion- inferior nuchal line

Innervation- suboccipital nerve

Front 31

Obliquus capitis inferior

Back 31

Origin- spinous process of C2

Insertion- transverse process of C1

Innervation- suboccipital nerve

Front 32

Obliquus capitis superior

Back 32

Origin- transverse process of C1

Insertion- occipital bone btwn superior and inferior nuchal lines

Front 33

Suboccipital Triangle

Back 33

Roof- semispinalis capitis

Floor- PAO membrane

Contents- vertebral artery and suboccipital nerve

Actions- extend the head on C1 and rotate the head and the C1 on C2 vertebrae