Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Fungi positives
|
Valuable decomposers
Make bread, beer, wine with help of yeast fungi Antibiotics Organ transplants made possible by fungal molecules that suppress immune system |
|
|
Fungi negatives
|
Attack crop plants, farm animals, and humans with costly results
Attack stored food, lumber, clothing |
|
|
Characteristics of True Fungi
|
Eukaryotes
Chemoheterotrophs Chitinous cell wall Reproduction via spores |
|
|
Fungal body
|
thallus, unique type mycelium, composed of hyphae
|
|
|
Fungi vs Bacteria
|
-Slower reproductive rate
-Fungal hyphae grow quickly into new territory; can rapidly move nutrients from buried feeding hyphae to aerial hyphae -Growth of fungal mycelium is indeterminate -secrete antibiotics |
|
|
Bacteria vs Fungi
|
-Reproduce quickly
-Slow to reach new food source after food is exhausted in immediate vicinity -Forms small colony; colony usually remains small |
|
|
Symbiotic relationships
Mutualism |
both partners benefit
-Lichens -Mycorrhizae |
|
|
Symbiotic relationships
Parasitism |
fungus benefits and host is harmed
|
|
|
Symbiotic relationships
Decomposers |
Recycle chemical elements by breaking down organic molecules
|
|
|
Symbiotic relationships
Opportunists |
Exploit temporary opportunities such as a fallen fruit
|
|
|
Dikaryomycetes
|
-Higher fungi
-95% of named fungal species |
|
|
Coenomycetes
|
-Lower fungi
-5% of named fungal species |
|
|
Phylum Ascomycota
|
-At least 58 genera have members that cause disease
-Athlete’s foot, jock itch, ringworm -Production of food and beverages |
|
|
Pneumocystis carinii
|
Fatal pneumonia in AIDS patients
|
|
|
Candida albicans
|
common yeast found in mouth and vagina
|
|
|
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
|
Used in baking and brewing
|
|
|
Lichens
|
Symbiotic relationship between ascomycete and algae
|
|
|
Phylum Basidiomycota
|
-Fruiting body
-Bracket or shelf fungi -Puffballs |
|
|
Red algae
|
- Almost exclusively marine, warm water
Pigments - Chlorophyll a and phycobilins Cell wall - Cellulose and sometimes agar or carrageenan Food storage molecule - Floridean starch Seaweed |
|
|
Brown algae
|
Marine; cool, shallow water
Pigments -Chlorophylls a and c, fucoxanthin Food storage molecule - Mannitol Cell wall - Cellulose and alginates kelp |
|
|
Algal Reproduction
|
Asexual reproduction occurs more often than sexual reproduction
-Cell division (single-celled algae) -Fragmentation (filamentous algae) -Formation, liberation, germination of motile or nonmotile spores produced in sporangia |
|
|
Algea life cycles
|
Zygotic
-Only diploid phase of life cycle is single-celled zygote Gametic -Only haploid phase of life cycle is single-celled gamete Sporic -Multicellular gametophytes and sporophytes |
|
|
Phytoplankton
|
Produce about four times the amount of photosynthate that is produced by the Earth’s croplands each year
|
|
|
Ecological and Economic Importance of Algae
|
Medicine, food, and fertilizer
-iodine -Japanese diet -Carrageenan -thickener |
