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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
autotroph or heterotroph? chitin or cellulose? |
eukaryotic, heterotroph, chitin
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how do fungi digest their food?
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outside of their bodies, then absorb it
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except for yeast, all fungi are ____
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multicellular
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what is hypha?
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thin filaments, only one cell thick
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mycelium
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many hyphae tangled together into a thick mass
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why is the mycelium well suited to adsorb food?
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it permits a large surface area to come in contact with the food source through which it grows
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fruiting body
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a reproductive structure growing from the mycelium in the soil beneath it
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why are "fairy rings" produced?
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spores are released in a circular shape
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asexual reproduction is done by what
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spores
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spores are capable of growing into a new organism by ___ alone
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mitosis
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in some spores, produced in ____ which are found at the tips of specialized hyphae called _______.
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sporangia; sporangiophores
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a process of asexual reproduction is when
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a cell or hyphae breaks off from a fungus and begin to grow on their own
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how are the two dif. mating types referred to?
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+ and -
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why are the two different mating types referred to in this way?
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because gametes of both mating types are about the same size
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in sexual reproduction, what do hyphae of opposite mating types do when they meet?
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they start the process of sexual reproduction by fusing
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fusing
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bringing + and - nuclei together in the same cell
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mold can grow with the right combination of ___ and ___
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moisture and food
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T/F: temperature is not a condition that is important for the growth of mold
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false
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list two things that help mold spores travel
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wind and animals
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how are fungi classified?
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according to their structure and method of reproduction
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phylum of common molds
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zygomycota
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phylum of sac fungi
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ascomycota
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phylum of club fungi
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basidiomycota
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phylum of imperfect fungi
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deuteromycota
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common name for phylum zygomycota
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zygomycetes
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reason for name of phylum zygomycota
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zygospores
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zygospore
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a resting spore that contains zygotes formed during the sexual phase of the mold's life cycle
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most familiar zygomycete is the
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black bread mold
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scientific name for the black bread mold
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rhizopus stolonifer
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rhizoid
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a rootlike hyphae that penetrate the breads surface
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what 3 things do rhizoids do for mold?
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anchor the fungus to the bread, release digestive enzymes, absorb digested organic material
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stolon
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stemlike hypae that run along the surface of bread
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where are sporangiophores located?
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on rhizoids in asexual reproduction
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common molds: during asexual reproduction, haploid/ diploid spores are produced and form a _____, located at the tips of ______
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sporangium, sporangiophore
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common molds: during sexual reproduction, hyphae from two different mating types form _______. _____ occurs and a haploid/diploid zygospore is produced. it may remain dormant but when conditions become favorable,____ occurs, and a sporangium is produced, which releases haploid/diploid ____.
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gametangia, fertilization, zygospore, meiosis, sporangium, spores
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common name for the phylum ascomycota
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sac fungi
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sac fungi is known as
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ascomycetes
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ascus
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a reproductive structure that contains spores
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T/F: the life cycle of the sac fungi only include sexual reproduction
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false
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sac fungi: during ____ reproduction, spores called ____ are formed at the tips of specialized hypahe called _______. These spores are haploid/diploid.
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asexual, conidia, conidiophoes
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sac fungi: during sexual reproduction, fusion of ____ from opposite mating strains produces a fruiting body called an _____. _____ produces a haploid/diploid zygote, which then undergoes ___. eventually, eight ______ are produced and released. if conditions are favorable, they can germinate and grow into ______
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hyphae, ascus, fertilization, meiosis, ascospores, mycelium
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Yeasts are uni/multi cellular fungi
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unicellular
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What two industries commercially use yeast?
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baking and brewing
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why are yeast classified as ascomycetes?
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they form asci with ascospores during the sexual phase
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budding
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asexual reproduction in which yeasts increase in number; process of attaching a bud to a plant and produde a new branch
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common name for phylum basidiomycota
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club fungi
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reason for common name of basidiomycota
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a specialized reproductive structure that resembles a club
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Where are basidia located?
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on the girlls that grow on the underside of mushroom caps
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club fungi: hyphae _____ and produce secondary mycelium. they grow and with the right combination and nutrients, a spore-producing ____ body may push above the ground. this spore-bearing structure is called the _______. the underside of the cap portion is composed of ____. these are lined with _____. ____ occurs and produces a haploid/diploid zygote. it undergoes _____ forming haploid/ diploid ________.
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fuse, fruiting, fruiting body, gills, basidia, fertilization, zygote, meiosis, basidiospores
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list five common basidiomycetes besides the mushroom
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shelf fungi, puffballs, earthstars, jelly fungi, plant parasites
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common name for phylum deuteromycota
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deuteromycetes
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deuteromycetes are known as the
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imperfect fungi
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Why are these fungi placed in the imperfect fungi?
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researchers have never been able to find a sexual phase
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most common species of imperfect fungi
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penicilliumnotatum
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why do scientists think fungi were essential to the evolution of plants
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they think they helped early plants obtain nutrients from the ground
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fungi can/cannot manufacture their own food
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cannot
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saprobes
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organisms that obtain food from decaying organic matter
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parasite
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harm other organisms while living on or in them
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symbionts
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live in close and mutually beneficial association with other species
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how do fungi help to maintain the equilibrium in ecosystems?
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they recycle nutrients by breaking down the bodies and wastes of other organisms
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parasitic fungi cause ___ and ___ diseases
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plant , animal
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What is thrush?
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a yeast that disrupts the equilibrium within the human body
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what happened when the fugus that causes athletes foot infects other areas of the body?
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it causes a ring worm
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lichens and mycorrhizae are both examples of what kind of symbiotic relationship?
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mutualistic associations
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lichens
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symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism
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where do lichens grow?
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dry, bare rocks in deserts or tops of mountains
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algae-lichen relationship
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algae provides energy, fungus provides water and minerals
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mycorrhizae
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associations of plant roots and fungi
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why is presense of mycorrhizae essential for the growth of many plants
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the hyphae in fungi and plants in absorbing water and mineral
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