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224 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Describe Wellness
A state of well being including physical and emotional health. The whole being of the individual.
The Clinical Model
People are viewed as physiologic systems with related functions, and health is identified as the absence of signs and symptoms of disease or injury.
Role Performance Model
Health is defined in terms of the individual's ability to fulfill societal roles, such as to perform his or her work.
Adaptive Model
Health is a creative process; disease is a failure in adaptation, or maladaptation. According to this model, extreme good health is flexible adaptation to the environment.
Eudemonistic Model
Health is seen as a condition of actualization or realization of a person's potential. Illness in this model is something that prevents self actualization.
Agent-Host-Environment Model
THis model is used to predict illness rather than promoting wellness.
3 interactive elements of the Agent-Host-Environment model
Agent: Any environmental factor or stressor

Host: Person who may be at risk for disease

Environment: All factors external to the host that may or may not predispose person to disease.
Health Illness Continua are (blank) or (blank) used to measure a person's perceived level of (blank)
Grids or scales. Wellness.
A client has severe arthritis, yet still works 40 hrs a wk and takes care of her family. This is an example of which Health Model?
A) Clinical Model

B) Adaptive Model

C) Role Performance Model
(Correct Answer)

D) Eudemonistic Model
In this Health Model, illness is a condiotion that prevents self actualization.
A) Clinical Model
B) Adaptive Model
C) Role Performance Model
D) Eudemonistic Model (Correct Answer)
This Model is useful when working with individuals, families, or communities.
4+ Wellness Model
4+ Wellnes model consists of four domains of the (blank) and (blank)
The inner self, which is physical, spiritual, emotional, and intellectual.

The Outer Self, which is environment, culture, nutrition, safety, and many other elements.
This biologic demension has influence on biologic characteristics, innate tempermant, activity level, and intellectual potential.
Genetic Make up
Name 4 biological demensions that influence health. (These are uncontrollable factors by the host.)
Gentic make-up, age, gender, and developmental level (IE infants and decline of elderly)
(Blank) refers to how a person feels about self and percieves physical body, needs, roles, and abilities.
Self Concept
( Blank) is referred to as practices that have potentially negative effects on health.
Risk Factors
Osteoporosis and autoimmune disease are examples of what type of biologic demension that influences health:
A)Genetic Make-up
B)Gender ( correct answer)
C) Age
D)Developmental Levels
During the first years of life, infants lack physiologic and psychological maturity, this is an example of what biologic demesion influencing health?
A) Genetic Make up
B) Gender
C) Age
D) Developmental levels (correct answer)
The LOC or Locus of Control
(Hint: internal or external)
A measurable concept that can be used to predict which people are most likely to change their behavior.
Using the LOC model, Internals are people that believe:
They believe that thye have control over their own health.
An individual perception of a family history of a certain disease, may make a person feel at high risk for that disease is called:
Perceived Susceptibility
(Blank)is the extent to which an individual's behavior coincides with that of medical or health advice.
Adherence
(Blank) is the highly personal state in which the person's physical, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is thought to be diminished.
Illness
(Blank) can be described as an alteration of body functions resulting in reduction of capacities or by a shortening of the normal lifespan.
Disease
The causation of disease is called:
Etiology
(Blaank) is described as sudden onset of symptoms that usually have a short duration
Acute Illness
(Blank) is illness that last for extended periods of time, ususally 6 months or more, and can persist thru a person's lifetime.
Chronic Illness
(Blank) is described as periods of no symptoms from a chronic illness
Remission
(Blank) is when symptoms of a chronic illness reappear
Exacerbation
Describe 4 aspects of Parson's SICK ROLE:
1) Clients are not held responsible for their condition

2)Clients are excused from certain social roles and tasks

3)Clients are obliged to get well as soon as possible

4) Clients or their families are obliged to seek competent help.
Suchman described five stages of illness, name them.
Symptoms, sick role, medical care contact, dependent client role, and recovery or rehabilitation
Which Suchman role of illness is a person in when experiencing a cough, fever, rash, pain, or bleeding?
Symptom Experiences
During this stage of Suchman's illness, people may be excused from daily activities and role expectations.
Sick role
In stage 3 of suchman's illness roles, what happens?
Seek medical advice.
Diabetes Mellitus is an example of what type of disease?
Chronic
Which of the following is an example of the emotional concept of wellness?
A)A new father decides to take parenting classes

B)A widow joins a bowling league

C)A client expresses her frustration with spouses substance abuse (correct answer)

D)THe client chooses healthy foods.
A nurse documents that her diabetes client is free of symptoms, active, and in good spirits, this is an example of:
A)Wellness
B) Health(Correct answer)
c)Lifestyle
D)Well-being
What happens when the variables of the Agent-Host-Environment model are in balance?
Health is maintained
A (Blank) is the totality of services offered by all health disciplines.
(Nurse, Doctor, Physical Therapist, CNA, ETC.)
A Health Care System
What stage of prevention is present when health promotion and illness prevention is the main focus.
(Proper nutrition, weight loss, exercise, and stress reduction)
Primary Prevention
What stage of prevention consists of diagnosis and treatment? (Early detection services such as regular dental exams or bone density studies)
Secondary Prevention
What stage of prevention consists of rehabilitation or health restoration?
Tertiary care
The role of (blank) provides direct care under the direction of an RN, MD, or other licensed practitioner.
LPN Licensed Practical Nurse
The role of (blank) provides direct patient care as nurse midwives, certified nurse anesthetists, and clinical nurse specialists.
APN Advanced Practical Nurse
Chiropractors, Herbalists, Acupunturists, Massage therapists, and holistic health healers are considered to be what kind of health care providers?
Alternative Care Providers
This role consists of ensuring that clients have fiscally sound, appropriate care in the best setting.
A Case Manager
This person has special knowledge about the diets required to maintain health and treat disease.
A Dietician
This person assists clients with impaired function to gain the skills to perform everyday living.
The Occupational Therapist
This person prepares and dispenses pharmaceuticals in a community or hospital setting.
A Pharmacist
This licensed professional assists clients with muscular skeletal problems.
A Physical Therapist
This person is responsible for medical diagnosis and for determing therapy required ny a person who has a disease or injury.
The Physician
This person counsels clients and their support persons regarding problems , such as finances, marrital problems, and adoption of children. Can also find suitable living arrangements if social support network is unavailable.
A Social Worker
(bLank) are health care staff who assume delegated aspects of client basic care.
UAP Unlicensed Assistant Personnel
What part of the human population is considered to be the fastest growing?
The frail elderly, 85 and up.
(Blank) is a delivery model that brings all services and care to the clients.
Patient Focused Care
In this task oriented approach, personeel with less preparation than the nurse perfrom less complex care reqiurements. It focuses on jobs that need to be completed.
The Functional Method
(Blank) Nursing is a system in which one nurse is responsible for overseeing the total care of a number of clients 24 hrs a day, 7 days a wk, even if he or she does not provide all the care prsonally.
Primary Nursing
(Blank) is the social security act providing national and state helath insurance for older adults.
Medicare
Medicare is divided into two parts. What are they? and their functions?
Part A- is provided for all adults 65 and over and ppl w/ disabilities towards hospitalization, hospice, and home care. Part B- is voluntary and provides partial coverage of outpatient and physician services to people eligible for part A.
All medicare coverage clients pay a (blank) and (blank)
A deductible and coinsurance(usually 20%)
(Blank) is a federal public assisted program paid out of general taxes to ppl who require financial assistance (low income families)
Medicaid
Who is eligible for SSI, Social Security Income?
Persons who are blind or have disabilities.
This system has categories that establish pretreatment diagnosis billing categories that define reimbursement funds are called?
DRGs Diagnosis Related Groups
Which is an example of tertiary care?
A) Promoting Smoking Cessation Program
B)Acute Care
C)Care for the dying (correct)
D) Immunizations
A nurse is conducting HIV testing at the community health center. The nurse is practicing:
A)Primare prevention
B) Secondary Prevention(Correct)
C)Tertiary Prevention
D) Ethical Responsibilities
Which fact should take priority when projecting care to the frail elderly?
A)95% will live in their own homes
B) THey are the fastest growing population in the U.S.(correct)
C) they want to feel part of the community
D) they wnat to feel productive.
What governs payment under the prospective payment system?
A)record of treatment
B) record of admission (correct)
C)A length of stay in the hospital
HMO's provide what type of financial service to clients?
A fixed rate for services.
LEGAL PRIMARY OBJECTIVE OF NURSING
PATIENT SAFETY
PRIMARY GOAL OF NURSING PRACTICE ACT
PROTECT THE PUBLIC
FOUR THINGS THE NURSING PRACTICE ACT DOES
1. DEFINES THE SCOPE OF NURSING PRACTICE 2. DEFINES EXPANDING NURSING ROLES (APRN) 3. DEFINES EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENTS (MEETING ST REQUIREMENTS TO SIT FOR NCLEX) 4. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NURSE & MEDICAL ROLES (NURSES AREN’T PHYSICIANS)
ACCOUNTABILITY
GETTING IT DONE
RESPONSIBILITY
BEING TOLD WHAT TO DO
ST GOVERNMENT HAS A DUTY AND RIGHT TO?`
PROTECT THE PUBLIC’S HEALTH, SAFETY, AND WELFARE
WHO SETS THE STANDARDS OF CARE-THE GUIDELINES TO PRACTICE ?
ANA
WHO CONTROLS PRACTICE THROUGH LICENSING, EDUCATION AND ENFORCED REGULATIONS?
BOARD OF NURSING (BON)
WHAT ARE STANDARDS OF CARE?
SKILLS AND LEARNING COMMONLY POSSESSED BY MEMBERS OF A PROFESSION
TWO CATEGORIES OF NURSING STANDARD OF CARE
INTERNAL STANDARDS & EXTERNAL STANDARDS
INTERNAL STANDARDS
NURSE’S JOB DESCRIPTION, EDUCATION, AND EXPERTISE, AS WELL AS INDIVIDUAL INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES & PROCEDURES
EXTERNAL STANDARDS
NURSE PRACTICE ACTS, PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, NURSING SPECIALITY-PRACTICE ORGANIZATIONS, FEDERAL ORGANIZATIONS AND FEDERAL GUIDELINES
TWO TYPES OF LAWS
CRIMINAL & CIVIL
WHICH LAW APPLIES MAINLY TO NURSING?
CIVIL
JUST BECAUSE YOU ARE LICENSED IN THE ST OF FLORIDA, DOES THAT MEAN YOU CAN TRAVEL TO GEORGIA BECAUSE THEY PAY MORE MONEY?
NO, YOU ARE ONLY LICENSED IN THE STATE YOU ORIGINAL TOOK YOUR NCLEX IN, IF YOU CHOOSE TO PRACTICE IN ANOTHER ST YOU NEED TO CONTACT THAT STATES BON TO GO THROUGH THE PROPER CHANNELS TO APPLY FOR A LICENSE THERE
WHAT ARE TORTS?
CIVIL WRONGS SURROUNDING A NURSE/PATIENT RELATIONSHIP
TWO TYPES OF TORTS
UNINTENTIONAL & INTENTIONAL
UNINTENTIONAL TORTS
WRONGS OCCURING BECAUSE A NURSE FAILED TO ABIDE BY THE STANDARD OF CARE
EXAMPLES OF NURSING MALPRACTICE (UNINTENTIONAL TORTS)
MED ERRORS, FAILURE TO REPORT INFORMATION, FAILURE TO MONITOR PT’S CONDITION, FAILURE TO CHALLENGE INAPPROPRIATE BEHAVIOR ORDER, FAILURE TO OBTAIN MEDICAL ASSISTANCE
4 ELEMENTS THAT MUST EXIST TO HAVE A VALID MALPRACTICE CLAIM (4 D’s)
1. NURSE HAD DUTY OWED TO PT (DRESSING CHANGE) 2. DUTY WAS BREACHED (DIDN’T FOLLOW STERILE TECHNIQUE) 3. DAMAGES TO PT. (CAUSED AN INFECTION LEADING TO AMPUTATION) 4. DIRECT CAUSE BETWEEN THE INJURY & NURSES FAILURE TO CARRY OUT DUTY
WHO IS THE DEFENDANT?
NURSE
WHO IS THE PLANTIFF?
PATIENT
MOST COMMON SITUATION FOR MALPRACTICE CLAIM?
MED ERRORS
CHARACTERISTICS OF SUIT PRONE NURSES
BLAME OTHERS, INSENSITIVE TO PT COMPLAINTS, INAPPROPRIATE W/DELEGATION, ALOOF ATTITUDE-UNABLE TO ESTABLISH CARING RELATIONSHIP W/OTHERS
EXAMPLES OF MALPRACTICE (INTENTIONAL TORTS)
CARELESSNESS-NOT CHECKING I.D., GAVE WRONG MED., IV ERRORS, GIVING A PT A MED WHEN THEY ARE ALLERGIC TO IT
INTENTIONAL TORTS
EXECUTED ACT ON PURPOSE
BATTERY
UNPERMITTED TOUCHING
WILLFUL THREAT OR HARM
ASSAULT
FALSE IMPRISONMENT
FREEDOM IS RESTRAINED W/PHYSICAL-RESTRAINTS/CHEMICAL MEDS (BAKER ACTED, BRITTNEY SPEARS BEING HELD FOR 72 HOURS FOR PSYCH ISSUES)
PRIVATE MADE PUBLIC
INVASION OF PRIVACY
DEFAMATION OF CHARACTER
SLANDER OR LIABLE
SLANDER
SPOKEN
LIABLE
WRITTEN
EXAMPLES OF UNPROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
INCOMPETENCE OR GROSS NEGLIGENCE, PRACTICING W/OUT A LICENSE, FALSIFICATION OF CLIENT RECORDS, ILEGALLY OBTAINING OR USING CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES, PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP W/VUNERABLE CLIENT, BREECH OF CONFIDENTIALITY
HIPAA
HEALTH INSURANCE PORTABILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY ACT
WHAT’S PROTECTED BY HIPAA?
PT NAME, ADDRESS, SS#, PHONE #, ACCOUNT #, MED RECORD#, DOB,NAME OF EMPLOYERS, HEALTH PLAN #, FINGER PRINTS, PHOTOGRAPHS, ANY IDENTIFYING INFO OF THE PT
WHEN DISCARDING ANY IV BAG, WHAT DO YOU NEED TO DO IN REGARDS TO HIPAA?
EITHER BLACK OUT LABEL ON IV BAG OR SHRED LABEL BEFORE DISCARDING
WHAT DO NURSES NEED TO DO WITH HIPAA LAW?
PT INFO SHOULD ONLY BE OBTAINED WHEN THERE IS A NEED TO KNOW, PT INFO SHOULD NOT BE DISCUSSED ANYWHERE OUTSIDE OF PT CARE SETTING, CHARTS AND REPORTS NEED TO BE SECURE, SHRED PHI (PT HEALTH INFO)
WHAT IS THE PATIENT BILL OF RIGHTS?
A PT IS GUARANTEED CERTAIN RIGHTS UNDER THEIR HEALTH INSURANCE PLAN
WHAT IS INFORMED CONSENT?
PERSON’S AGREEMENT TO ALLOW SOMETHING TO HAPPEN BASED ON FULL DISCLOSURE OF FACTS
CONSENT IS VALID IF?
PERSON IS MENTALLY & PHYSICALLY COMPETENT AND LEGAL ADULT, CONSENT IS GIVEN VOLUNTARILY, PERSON MUST UNDERSTAND THE PROCEDURE & RISKS & BENEFITS AND THE UNDERSTANDING OF TREATMENT IS CONFIRMED
INFORMED CONSENT REFLECTS WHAT?
EXCHANGE BETWEEN PT & MD
CAN A PT SIGN A INFORMED CONSENT IF THEY WERE JUST GIVEN PAIN MEDS?
NO, BUT IF THEY ARE TAKING A CHRONIC PAIN MED, LIKE A PATCH, CONSULT WITH DOCTOR, IT IS AT THERE DISCRETION IF THE PT IS ABLE TO SIGN
DO YOU HAVE A PT SIGN A INFORMED CONSENT IF THEY DENY UNDERSTANDING THE PROCEDURE?
NO, NOTIFY THE MD OR NURSING SUPERVISOR UNDER THESE CIRCUMSTANCES
IS THE NURSE REQUIRED TO WITNESS A SIGNATURE ON AN INFORMED CONSENT?
YES
IF A PATIENT IS DEAF OR BLIND, WHAT IS THE NEXT STEP IN GETTING THE INFORMED CONSENT SIGNED?
GET AN INTERPRETER, MUST SHOW PT WAS INFORMED
WHAT IS THE PATIENT SELF DETERMINATION ACT?
AN ACT THAT REQUIRES THAT EVERY ADULT BE INFORMED IN WRITING ON ADMISSION TO A HEALTH CARE INSTITUTION ABOUT HIS OR HER RIGHTS TO ACCEPT OR REFUSE MEDICAL CARE AND TO USE ADVANCE DIRECTIVES
WHAT ARE ADVANCED HEALTH CARE DIRECTIVES?
VARIETY OF LEGAL AND LAY DOCUMENTS THAT ALLOW PERSONS TO SPECIFY ASPECTS OF CARE THEY WISH TO RECEIVE SHOULD THEY BECOME UNABLE TO MAKE OR COMMUNICATE THEIR PREFERENCES
TWO TYPES OF ADVANCED HEALTH CARE DIRECTIVES
LIVING WILL AND HEALTH CARE PROXY (DURABLE POWER OF ATTORNEY FOR HEALTH CARE)
WHAT IS A LIVING WILL?
A DOCUMENT THAT PROVIDES SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS ABOUT WHAT MEDICAL TREATMENT THE CLIENT CHOOSES TO OMIT OR REFUSE (E.G., VENTILATORY SUPPORT) IN THE EVENT THAT THE CLIENT IS UNABLE TO MAKE THOSE DECISIONS
WHAT IS A HEALTH CARE PROXY OR DURABLE POWER OF ATTORNEY FOR HEALTH CARE?
A NOTARIZED OR WITNESSED STATEMENT APPOINTING SOMEONE ELSE (E.G., A RELATIVE OR TRUSTED FRIEND) TO MANAGE HEALTH CARE TREATMENT DECISIONS WHEN THE CLIENT IS UNABLE TO DO SO
WHAT IS A DNR?
DNR STANDS FOR "DO NOT RESUSITATE" OR A "NO CODE."
A DNR IS GENERALLY WRITTEN WHEN CLIENTS WHO ARE IN A STAGE OF TERMINAL, IRREVERSIBLE ILLNESS OR EXPECTED DEATH EXPRESS THE WISH FOR NO RESUSCITATION IN THE EVENT OF A RESPIRATORY OR CARDIAC ARREST
SHOULD A NURSE CONTINUE TO APPLY PALLIATIVE CARE FOR A PT WHO HAS A DNR ORDER?
YES, A NURSE SHOULD CONTINUE WITH COMFORT CARE AND OR MEDICAL TREATMENT FOR CHRONIC BUT NON-LIFE THREATENING ILLNESSES
WHAT ARE GOOD SAMARITAN ACTS?
LAWS DESIGNED TO PROTECT HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS WHO PROVIDE ASSISTANCE AT THE SCENE OF AN EMERGENCY AGAINST CLAIMS OF MALPRACTICE UNLESS IT CAN BE SHOWN THAT THERE WAS GROSS DEPATURE FROM THE NORMAL STANDARD OF CARE OR WILLFUL WRONG DOING ON THEIR PART
WHAT ARE THE GUIDELINES FOR NURSES WHO CHOOSE TO RENDER EMERGENCY CARE?
1. LIMIT THOSE ACTIONS TO THOSE NORMALLY CONSIDERED FIRST AID 2. DO NOT PERFORM ACTIONS YOU DO NOT KNOW HOW TO DO 3. OFFER ASSISTANCE, BUT DO NOT INSIST 4. HAVE SOMEONE CALL OR GO FOR ADDITIONAL HELP 5. DO NOT LEAVE THE SCENE UNTIL THE INJURED PERSON LEAVES OR ANOTHER QUALIFIED PERSON TAKES OVER 6. DO NOT ACCEPT ANY COMPENSATION
CAN A DNR ORDER BE CANCELLED?
YES
LIFE SUPPORTING ADVANCED DIRECTIVE
CPR, VENTILATOR, MEDICATIONS
LIFE SUSTAINING ADVANCED DIRECTIVE
TUBE FEEDINGS, DIALYSIS
LIFE ENHANCING ADVANCED DIRECTIVE
COMFORT MEASURES, HOSPICE CARE, PAIN MEDS
*NOTHING IS DONE ARTIFICIALLY TO PROLONG LIFE
WHAT SHOULD A NURSE DO TO PREVENT POTENTIAL LIABILITIES IN REGARDS TO PHYSICIAN ORDERS?
NURSE IS OBLIGATED TO FOLLOW, UNLESS THAT ORDER IS IN ERROR OR DETRIMENTAL
ALL PHYSICIAN ORDERS NEED TO BE?
WRITTEN, DATED, AND TIMED
WHEN TAKING A VERBAL OR PHONE ORDER FROM A PHYSICIAN, HOW LONG DOES THAT PHYSICIAN HAVE TO SIGN OFF ON IT?
24 HOURS
WHAT IS THE PROCESS FOR CLARIFYING ORDERS?
DR WRITES, NURSE TRANSCRIBES, IF IN QUESTION NOTIFY SUPERVISOR & CALL MD
WHO DETERMINES WHAT MEDICAL CARE IS TO BE DELEGATED?
THE RN
HOW DO YOU KNOW WHAT TO DELEGATE?
ACCESS KNOWLEDGE AND MATCH THE TASKS
IS THERE A DIFFERENCE IN THE QUALITY OF CARE BEING GIVEN BY A NURSE COMPARED TO A STUDENT NURSE?
NO, YOU ARE EXPECTED TO PERFORM AS PROFESSIONAL NURSE WOULD
INCIDENT REPORT IS FILED WHEN?
WHEN SOMETHING HAPPENED THAT COULD OR DID CAUSE INJURY
EXAMPLES OF SOMETHING THAT COULD OR DID CAUSE INJURY THAT AN INCIDENT REPORT WOULD BE FILED
NURSE GIVES WRONG MED, PT FALLS, NEEDLE STICK
IS AN INCIDENT REPORT PART OF A PATIENTS CHART?
NO
WHAT CAN NURSES DO TO MINIMIZE RISK?
GIVE THE HIGHEST POSSIBLE QUALITY OF CARE
WHAT IS REQUIRED FOR GOOD DOCUMENTATION?
THOROUGHNESS, ACCURACY, AND PERFORMED IN TIMLEY MANNER-THE CARE GIVEN AND DETAILS
IF YOU ARE WORKING WITH SOMEONE AND YOU SMELL ALCOHOL, WHO DO YOU REPORT IT TO?
CHARGE NURSE OR SUPERVISOR
WHAT DOES IPN STAND FOR?
INTERVENTION PROJECT FOR NURSES
WHAT SITUATIONS DO YOU REPORT TO AUTHORITIES?
ABUSE, RAPE, GUNSHOT WOUNDS, ATTEMPTED SUICIDE, COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AND ANIMAL BITES
CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ARE ONLY ADMINISTERED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF?
LICENSED PHYSICIAN
WHAT MEDS REQUIRE PROPER RECORD KEEPING FOR DISTRIBUTION AND ARE LOCKED?
NARCOTICS, DEPRESSANTS, HALLUCINOGENS, STIMULANTS
WHAT ARE VALUES?
personal beliefs, ideas, attitudes or customs that set standards & influence behavior
WHAT IS A VALUE SET?
SMALL GROUP OF VALUES HELD BY AN INDIVIDUAL
WHAT IS A VALUE SYSTEM?
ORGANIZING VALUES FROM MOST IMPORTANT TO LEAST IMPORTANT
GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF VALUES TRANSMISSION IN NURSING
nursing students learn caring behavior by observing instructors & nurses at bedside
FIVE ESSENTIAL NURSING VALUES
ALTRUISM, AUTONOMY, HUMAN DIGNITY, INTEGRITY, AND SOCIAL JUSTICE
WHAT VALUE DOES THIS PROFESSIONAL BEHAVIOR FALL UNDER, DEMONSTRATES UNDERSTANDING OF CULTURES, BELIEFS AND PERSPECTIVES OF OTHERS?
ALTRUISM
WHAT VALUE DOES THIS PROFESSIONAL BELIEF FALL UNDER, PRESERVES THE CONFIDENTIALITY OF PATIENTS AND HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS?
INTEGRITY
WHAT IS VALUES CLARIFICATION?
PROCESS BY WHICH PEOPLE IDENTIFY, EXAMINE, AND DEVELOP THEIR OWN INDIVIDUAL VALUES
VALUES CLARIFICATION IS DESCRIBED AS A VALUING PROCESS, WHICH CONSISTS OF THREE PARTS, WHAT ARE THEY?
CHOOSING, PRIZING AND ACTING
WHAT IS CHOOSING?
CHOOSING IS COGNITIVE. BELEIFS ARE CHOSEN FREELY, W/OUT OUTSIDE PRESSURE, FROM AMONG ALTERNATIVES AND AFTER REFLECTING AND CONSIDERING CONSEQUENCES
WHAT IS PRIZING?
PRIZING IS AFFECTIVE. A PERSON IS PROUD OF THE BELIEF THAT HE OR SHE HAS AN OBLIGATION TO PARTICIPATE IN PUSH TO MAKE THE BELIEF A REALITY
WHAT IS ACTING?
ACTING IS BEHAVIORAL. CHOSEN BELIEFS ARE AFFIRMED TO OTHERS, INCORPORATED INTO ONE'S BEHAVIOR, AND REPEATED CONSISTENTLY IN ONE'S LIFE
WHAT ARE BELIEFS?
INTERPRETATIONS OR CONCLUSIONS THAT PEOPLE ACCEPT AS TRUE
WHAT ARE ATTITUDES?
MENTAL POSITIONS OR FEELINGS TOWARD A PERSON, OBJECT OR IDEA
WHAT ARE PERSONAL VALUES?
INTERNALIZED VALUES THAT A PERSON HAS TAKEN FROM SOCIETY AND THEIR INDIVIDUAL SUBGROUPS THAT GIVE THE PERSON A SENSE OF INDIVIDUALITY
WHAT ARE PROFESSIONAL VALUES?
VALUES ACQUIRED DURING SOCIALIZATION INTO NURSING FROM CODES OF ETHICS, NURSING EXPERIENCE, TEACHERS AND PEERS
A SEVEN STEP PROCESS THAT MAY HELP CLIENTS TO CLARIFY THEIR VALUES?
1. LIST ALTERNATIVES 2. EXAMINE POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES OF CHOICES 3. CHOOSE FREELY 4. FEEL GOOD ABOUT THE CHOICE 5. AFFIRM THE CHOICE 6. ACT ON THE CHOICE 7. ACT WITH A PATTERN
WHAT IS NURSING ETHICS?
ETHICAL ISSUES THAT OCCUR IN NURSING PRACTICE
WHAT IS ETHICS AS RELATED TO NURSING?
THE PRATICE OR BELIEFS OF A CERTAIN GROUP AND THE EXPECTED STANDARDS OF MORAL BEHAVIOR OF A PARTICULAR GROUP AS DESCRIBED IN THE GROUPS FORMAL CODE OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
WHAT IS BIOETHICS?
ETHICS AS APPLIED TO HUMAN LIFE OR HEALTH "life & death decisions"
WHAT ARE NURSES OBLIGATIONS IN ETHICAL DECISIONS?
PROMOTE CLIENT'S WELL BEING, BALANCE CLIENT'S NEED FOR AUTONOMY WITH FAMILY MEMBERS RESPONSIBILTIES, EHANCE FAMILY SUPPORT SYSTEM, CARRY OUT HOSPITAL POLICIES, PROTECT OTHER CLIENT'S WELL BEING, AND PROTECT NURSING STANDARDS OF CARE
THE SIX PROFESSIONAL ETHICS ARE:
RESPONSIBILITY, COMPETENCE, ACCOUNTABLILTY, JUDGEMENT, HONESTY AND ADVOCACY
WHAT IS MORALITY?
PRIVATE, PERSONAL STANDARDS OF WHAT IS RIGHT AND WRONG IN CONDUCT, CHARACTER AND ATTITUDE
LIST THE MORAL PRINCIPLES THAT NURSES USE
AUTOMONY, NONMALEFICENCE, BENEFICENCE, JUSTICE, FIDELITY, VERACITY, ACCOUNTABILITY AND RESPONSIBILITY
WHAT IS NONMALEFICENCE?
DUTY TO DO NO HARM
WHAT IS BENEFICENCE?
DUTY TO DO GOOD
WHAT IS VERACITY?
TELLING THE TRUTH
GIVE SOME EXAMPLES OF SPECIFIC ETHICAL ISSUES IN NURSING?
AIDS, ABORTION, ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION, END OF LIFE ISSUES, ADVANCED DIRECTIVES, EUTHANASIA AND ASSISTED SUICIDE
WHAT IS A CODE OF ETHICS?
SET OF PRINCIPLES FOR PROPER CONDUCT OF ACTIONS
GIVE SOME EXAMPLES OF NURSING CODES OF ETHICS
NURSE GIVES RIGHT TO PRIVACY AND CONFIDENTIALITY, MAINTAINS COMPETENCE IN NURSING, PARTICIPATES AND CONTRIBUTES TO DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROFESSIONS BODY OF KNOWLEDGE
WHAT IS THE PROCESS OF ETHICAL DILEMMAS, THE STEPS?
1. ESTABLISH WHAT THE ETICAL DILEMMA IS? 2. COLLECT ALL THE DATA FOR SOLUTIONS AT HAND 3. ANALYZE AND INTERPRET DATA 4. INDENTIFY THE DILEMMA OR CONFLICT 5. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF CHOICES 6. NEGOTIATE OUTCOME, MAKE THE DECISION 7. EVALUATE THE ACTION
What is value transmission?
values learned in childhood, become part of individual. Learned through observation, reasoning and experience
How is value transmission carried out?
seen in behavior as people act out what they value
What is ethics?
a branch of philosophy concerned with the study of right and wrong behaviors, and the motivation behind it
The Definition of nursing is...
Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, preventions of illness and injuty, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, communities, and populations. (ANA)
What are the roles of the nurse?
Caregiver, communicator, teacher, client advocate, councelor, change agent, leader, manager, and case manager. A nurse is also a research consumer (evidence based practice).
What describes the responsibilities for which nurses are accountable?
ANA Standards of Practice
What is the purpose of Nurse Practice acts?
They are legal acts for professional nursing that regulate the practice of nursing in the USA and Canada. THE COMMON PURPOSE IS TO PROTECT THE PATIENT.
Promoting health and wellness, preventing illness, restoring health, and providing care for the dying are all under the (BLANK).
Scope of Practice for Nursing
What is a LPN/LVN?
A vocational nurse that practices under the supervision of a RN who provides basic technical care to clients.
What is the ANA?
The American Nurses Association is the national professional organization for nursing in the US. The purpose of this group is to foster high standards of nursing practice and to promote educational and professional advancement of nurses.
What is the NLN?
The national league of nursing is an organization of individuals and agencies. Its objective is to foster the development and improvement of all nursing services and nursing education.
What is the ICN?
The international council of nurses provides an organization though memeber associates that work otgeher for the mission of representing nursing worldwide, advancing the profession, and influencing health policy.
What is the NSNA?
The national student nurses association is the offical organization of student nurses. This group is autonomous but works in conjunction with the NLN and ANA.
What is Sigma Theta Tau?
Is is an honor society that invites nurses to join based on academic achievement.
What is the criteria of a profession?
A profession is defined as an occupation that requires extensive education or a calling that required special knowlegde, skill, and preparation.
What are some expanded nursing roles?
Nurse practitioner (acute care), clinical nurse specialist (expert in a field), nurse anethesist (works with anesthesiologist), nurse midwife (works in OB-GYN), nurse researcher(investigates), nurse administrator (manages client care), nurse educator (teaches), and nurse entreprenuer (manages a health related business).
What qualities of nursing make it a profession?
Specialized education, body of knowledge, service orientation, ongoing research, code of ethics, autonomy, and it has professional organizations.
(blank) emphasizes that a nurse must keep the WHOLE person in mind and strive to understand how one area of concern relates to the whole person.
Holism
(Blank) describes the relatively constancy of the internal processes of the body.
Homeostasis
(Blank) is balance from adaptation to the environment
Equilibrium
A (blank) system is one that does not exchange enrgy, info, or matter with it's environment. EX: A chemical reaction in a test tube
A Closed System
A (blank) system is one where energy, info, and matter move into and out of the system thru the system boundary. EX: all living things.
An Open System
The transtheoretical Model has 6 stages, name them.
Hint: P, C, P, A, M, T.
Precontemplation, Contemplation, Action, Maintenance, Termination
What stage is the client in when they do not think about changing his or her behavior for 6 or more months?
Precontemplation Stage
What stage of behavior is the client in when he or she acknowledges that they have a problem?
The Contemplation Stage
What stage is occuring when the person actively implements a plan to inturrupt previous health risk behaviors and adopt new ones.
The Action Stage
What stage is the client in when the person tries to prevent relapse by integrading newly adopted behaviors into their lifestyle.
The Maintenance Stage
What stage is the client in when the ultimate goal where the client has complete confidence that the problem is no longer a temptation or threat.
The Termination Stage
A ( Blank) is an assesment and educational tool that indicates a risk for disease or injury.
Health Risk Assesment
A (Blank) diagnosis describes human responses to levels of wellness in an individual, family, or community that have a readiness for enhancement.
A Wellness Diagnosis
What is a Nurse-Client relationshi[
1.It is a special relationship designed to meet the needs of the patient
2.An interpersonal relationship that promotes a psychological climate to facilitate chang
3. A caring relationship
What are the phases of the helping relationship
1. Preinteraction phase
2. Introductory phase
3. Working phase
4. Termination phase
What is the Preinteraction phase?
It is when the nurse reviews pertinent assessment data and knowledge, and considers potential areas of concern, and develops plans for interaction.
What is the Introductory Phase?
Getting acquainted with each other and identify mutual goals
What is the Working phase?
Nurse and Client accomplish the tasks outlined in the introductory phase, while enhancing trust and rapport, and develop caring
What is the Termination phase?
Is the end of the nurse and client relationship
What are some behaviors which you can use to enhance your Nurse-Patient relationship?
1. Professional appearance and behavior
2. Courtesy/Respect/Careful use of touch
3. Trustwothiness
4. Genuineness/ Sincerity /Warmth
5. Confidentiality
6. Empathy vs. Sympathy
7. Active listener
What are the three learning theories?
1. Behaviorism
2. Cognitivism
3. Humanism
What is the behaviorism theory?
It includes the careful indentification of what is to be taught and the immediate identificationof and reward for the correct response.
ex- the works of Skinner, Pavlov, and Bandura
What is the cognitive theory?
Is the recognition of developmental levels of learners, and acknowledgments of the learner's motivation and environment
ex--Piaget's five phases of cognitive development
What is the humanism theory
learning that focuses on the feelings and attitudes of the learners, the importance of the individual in identifying learning needs and taking responsibility for them, and the self-motivation of the learners to work toward self-reliance and independence.
What is Perceptual domain
Perceives written words or symbols
What is Affective domain
known as the "feeling" domain and is divided into catergories that specify the degree of a person's depth of emotional response ti tasks; includes feelings, emotions, interests, attitudes, and appreciations
Verbal communication is?
the use of the spoken or written word
Nonverbal communication is?
the uses of other forms, such as gestures or facial expressions, and fouch
Therapeutic Communication is?
it promotes understanding andcan help establish a constructive relationship between the nurse and the client.
What soes therapeutic communication do from nurses?
It helps to improve patient's needs and care
It establishes a constructive relationship between nurse and patient
It promotes understanding
What are some factors that influence Communication
1. Development
2. Gender
3. Pt values and preception
4. roles and relationships/ attitudes
5. Environment
6. Personal space
What is Psychomotor domain
the "skill" domain; includes motor skills such as giving an injection