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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
S&S of hyponatremia
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impaired sensation of taste, anorexia, muscle cramps, feeling of exhaustin, apprehension, feeling of impending doom and focal weaknesses, fingerprinting edema(fluid overload)
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S&S of hypernatremia
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marked thirst, elevated body temperature, swollen tongue, red, dry sticky mucous membranes, (severe hypernatremia) disorientation and irritability or hyperactivity when stimulated
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S&S hypokalemia
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may experience neuromuscular changes such as fatigue, muscle weakness, diminished deep tendon reflexes, and flaccid paralysis(late).
anorexia, nausea, vomiting, irritability(early), increased senitivity to digitalis, electrocardiographic changes adn death caused by cardiac arrest. |
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hypernatremia specific gravity results
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greater than 1.015(except with diabetes insipidous)
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hypokalemia ecg tracing
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ST-segment depression, flattened T wave and the presence of a U wave.
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hyperkalemia S&S
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ecg changes, vague muscles weakness , flaccid paralysis, anxiety, nausea, cramping and diarrhea.
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ecg tracing for hyperkalemia
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progressive changes; tall T-waves; prolonged PR intervals;ST-segment depression; widened QRS; and loss of P wave.
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S&S for hypcalcemia
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neuromuscular symptoms-numbness of fingers, cramps in the muscles(especially the extremities), hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, and a postitve Troussea's sign and Chvosteks's sign
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Positive Trousseau sign
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carpal spasm after 3 minutes of a blood pressure cuff being inflated above systolic pressure.
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Positive Chvostek's sign
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occurs after tapping the facial nerve approx. 2cm from the earlobe. Unilateral twitching fo the facial mucscle occurs in hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia
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hypocalcemia total serum results
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less than 8.5
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hypercalcemia S&S
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muscle weakness, incoordination, lethargy, deep bone pain, flank pain, and pathologic fractures. Constipation, anorexia, nausea, vomiting,polyuria or polydipsia leading to uremia if not treated and renal colic caused by stone formation.
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Patients taking digitalis must take calcium with extreme care because
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it can precipitate severe dysrhythmias.
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total serum for hypercalcemia
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more 10.5
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S&S of hypomagnesemia
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one of the most underdiagnosed electrolyte deficiencies. hyperactive reflexes, coars tremors, muxcle cramps, positive chvosteks and trousseaus signs, seizures, parethesia of the feet and legs and painfully cold hands and feet. disorientation, dysrhytmias, tachcardia and increased potential for digitalis toxicity.
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serum magnesium for hypomagnesemia
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less than 1.5
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serum calcium and serum potassium for hypomagnesemia
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both decreased
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S&S hypokalemia
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may experience neuromuscular changes such as fatigue, muscle weakness, diminished deep tendon reflexes, and flaccid paralysis(late).
anorexia, nausea, vomiting, irritability(early), increased senitivity to digitalis, electrocardiographic changes adn death caused by cardiac arrest. |
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hypernatremia specific gravity results
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greater than 1.015(except with diabetes insipidous)
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hypokalemia ecg tracing
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ST-segment depression, flattened T wave and the presence of a U wave.
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hyperkalemia S&S
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ecg changes, vague muscles weakness , flaccid paralysis, anxiety, nausea, cramping and diarrhea.
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ecg tracing for hyperkalemia
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progressive changes; tall T-waves; prolonged PR intervals;ST-segment depression; widened QRS; and loss of P wave.
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S&S for hypcalcemia
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neuromuscular symptoms-numbness of fingers, cramps in the muscles(especially the extremities), hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, and a postitve Troussea's sign and Chvosteks's sign
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Positive Trousseau sign
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carpal spasm after 3 minutes of a blood pressure cuff being inflated above systolic pressure.
|
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Positive Chvostek's sign
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occurs after tapping the facial nerve approx. 2cm from the earlobe. Unilateral twitching fo the facial mucscle occurs in hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia
|
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hypocalcemia total serum results
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less than 8.5
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hypercalcemia S&S
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muscle weakness, incoordination, lethargy, deep bone pain, flank pain, and pathologic fractures. Constipation, anorexia, nausea, vomiting,polyuria or polydipsia leading to uremia if not treated and renal colic caused by stone formation.
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Patients taking digitalis must take calcium with extreme care because
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it can precipitate severe dysrhythmias.
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total serum for hypercalcemia
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more 10.5
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S&S of hypomagnesemia
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one of the most underdiagnosed electrolyte deficiencies. hyperactive reflexes, coars tremors, muxcle cramps, positive chvosteks and trousseaus signs, seizures, parethesia of the feet and legs and painfully cold hands and feet. disorientation, dysrhytmias, tachcardia and increased potential for digitalis toxicity.
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serum magnesium for hypomagnesemia
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less than 1.5
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serum calcium and serum potassium for hypomagnesemia
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both decreased
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