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138 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Phlogiston theory?
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It's scientific error that stated that burning materials released an invisible gas(phlogiston) which was associated with heating.
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What is dephlogisticated air? And who discovered it?
But who was given credit for it? |
It is oxygen.
Joseph Priestly. John Dalton. |
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Who is the "Father of Respiratory Therapy"?
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Thomas Beddoes.
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What does CoARC stand for?
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Committee on Accreditation for Respiratory Care.
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What is CoARC's function?
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Responsible for ensuring that respiratory care educational programs follow specific standards & essentials endorsed by the American Medical Association.
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What are the three(3) types of reimbursement methodologies in the Health Care System?
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Fee for Service, Indemnity w/o utilization management and Indemnity with utilization management.
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Who is JCAHO?
What is their function? |
Joint Commission of Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations.
They do surveys and accredits hospitals and healthcare organizations to ensure that they meet a minimum standard level of care. |
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What are the General Therapeutic Services?
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Continuous aerosol & humidity therapy, aerosol drug administration, incentive spirometry and intermittent positive pressure breathing.
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What is Airway Care?
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It's intubation, suctioning & maintenance and extubation.
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What is Fowler's Position?
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While the patient is in bed, the bed is in a 45 degree angle at the head.
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What are the Supine and Prone Positions?
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Patient lying flat on back and flat on stomach.
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What are the different types of communication?
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Verbal, written and non-verbal.
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What is the most popular Problem Oriented Medical Record method used when charting and collecting patient data?
And what does it stand for? |
SOAP.
S-subjective data O-objective data A-Assessment P-plan |
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What are the ethical principles that govern the health care environment as a whole?
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Autonomy, veracity, nonmaleficence, beneficence, confidentiality, justice and role duty.
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What are the 3 forms of tort?
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Negligent, malpractice and intentional tort.
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What is nosocomial infection?
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It's a hospital acquired infection.
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What percentage of admitted patients will develop nosocomial infection?
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10%.
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What is the major source of infection, regarding nosocomial infection?
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Respiratory care equipment.
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What are the 3 elements necessary to spread infection?
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Source of pathogens, susceptible host and route of transmission.
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What are the 5 major routes of transmission of pathogens?
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Contact, droplet, airborne, common vehicle and vectorborne.
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What form of pathogen transmission is coughing and sneezing considered?
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Droplet.
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What is the most important and common form of pathogen transmission?
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Contact.
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How does Common Vehicle Transmission of pathogens occur?
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When exposed to contaminated water.
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How does Vectorborne Transmission of pathogens occur?
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It occurs by way of animal or insect.
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What are the General Barrier Measures and Isolation Precautions?
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Handwashing, the use of gloves, the use of masks, goggles, face shields & respiratory protection, the use of gowns, aprons & protective apparel, use once and discard.
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What are the 2 key sources for patient data?
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The medical record and the physical examination.
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Death of all microorganisms
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Sterilization
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Inanimate objects that help transfer pathogens
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Fomites
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Universal method of protection for health workers
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Standard precautions
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Death of pathogenic microorganisms
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Disinfection
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Infections that patients acquire during the course of medical treatment, are called?
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HAIs
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How many patients get sick from HAIs?
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2 million infections
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What percentage of patients get sick from HAIs?
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5% of all patients
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Why are HAIs important to the respiratory profession?
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They are important because many of the infections involve the lung and many are fatal.
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HAI stands for?
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Health care-associated infections
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What are the three elements that must be present for transmission of infection within a health care setting?
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A source or reservoir of pathogens, a susceptible host and a route of transmission.
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What are the six vaccinations that all health care workers should undergo immunization for?
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Rubella, measles, varicella, hepatitis B, influenza and pertussis.
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What are the five major routes of transmission of pathogens?
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Contact, Droplet, Airborne, Common Vehicle and Vectorborne.
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What is the most important and most common form of pathogen transmission and in what ways can it occur?
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Contact, by direct or indirect means
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Are Fomites, Direct or Indirect means of Contact Transmission?
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Indirect
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Coughing, sneezing and talking are all forms of what route of pathogen transmission?
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Droplet
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Tuberculosis, measles and SARS are the result of which route of pathogen transmission?
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Airborne
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What does SARS stand for?
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome
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Being exposed to contaminated food or water is considered which route of pathogen transmission?
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Common Vehicle
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Which route of pathogen transmission has little significance in the hospital, but is a major concern in tropical countries, and why?
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Vectorborne, because an animal or insect transmits the infectious agent from one host to another.
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What is the difference between HAIs & Nosocomial Infections?
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Nosocomial infections are acquired while in the hospital, where HAIs are acquired during the course of treatment.
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How does vectorborne infections spread to the lungs?
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By way of aspiration, inhalation of droplet nuclei, liquid droplets & dust, as well as from distant sites via the blood.
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What are the three strategies to control infection?
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Decreased host susceptibility, eliminate source of infection and interrupt transmission routes.
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What are the two major categories for eliminating the source of infection?
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General sanitation measures and specialized equipment processing.
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Sanitary laundry management, food preparation, environmental air control and housekeeping are examples of which strategy to control infection and which sub-category?
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Eliminate source of Infection and general sanitation measures.
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What does specialized equipment processing involve?
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Cleaning, disinfection and sterilization.
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What are the important steps of Cleaning in the Equipment Process?
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The most important is removal of dirt & organic material, should have designated areas for clean vs dirty, soap or detergents need to be used, rinsing, drying and washing hands before reassembly.
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Does the cleaning process of equipment eliminate the risk of infection?
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No.
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What does disinfection, in equipment processing, do and what are the two methods?
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It destoys vegetative form of pathogens but not spores, and physical & chemical are the methods.
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The physical method of disinfecting equipment is pasteurization, what does it mean?
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It's the process of applying heat for a specified period for the purpose of killing or retarding the development of pathogenic bacteria.
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The application of chemical solutions to contaminated surfaces or equipment is called?
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Chemical Disinfection
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There are two means of Contract Transmission, which is touching considered?
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Direct.
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There are two types of Sterilization, what are they?
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Physical and chemical.
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Heat and ionizing radiation is considered which type of sterilization?
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Physical.
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EtO gas and selected liquid solutions is considered which type of sterilization?
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Chemical.
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Moist heat under pressure is also known as?
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Autoclaving.
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X-rays and gamma rays are examples of?
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Ionizing radiation.
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Interrupt Transmission Route is a strategy to control infection. What are the special equipment handling procedures under the interrupt transmission route?
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Maintenance of in use equipment, processing of reusable equipment, one patient disposables, and fluid & medication precautions.
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There are six methods of Sterilization. What are they?
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Incineration, dry heat, boiling, autoclaving, ionizing radiation and etylene oxide (EtO).
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Under Maintenance of In Use Equipment, there is respiratory equipment that can spread pathogens. What are they?
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Nebulizers, ventilator circuits, bag-valve-mask devices, suction equipment, oxygen and pulmonary function equipment.
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High-efficiency particulate air/aerosol filters are also known as?
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HEPA filters.
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Heat-and-moisture exchanger is also known as? And what is the maximum duration of use?
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HME and 96 hours.
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VAP stands for?
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Ventilator-associated pneumonia.
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What are the factors to consider in processing reusable respiratory equipment?
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Infection risk, material & equipment configuration, available hospital disinfection resources and relative cost.
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The use of reusable respiratory equipment falls into three categories. What are they?
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Critical, semicritical and noncritical.
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Must undergo sterilization is which category under the use of reusable equipment?
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Critical.
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Must undergo high level disinfection is which category under the use of reusable equipment?
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Semicritical.
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Low level disinfection only is which category under the use of reusable equipment?
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Noncritical.
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Ventilator circuits can be used for how long?
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Up to 7 days.
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What type of water should be placed in a nebulizer?
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Sterile distilled water.
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There are three major issues to consider when using Disposable Equipment. What are they?
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Cost, quality and reuse.
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What are the procedures for Handling Laboratory Specimens?
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Use gloves, avoid contamination of container and/or specimen, ensure container does not leak, and properly label container & bag.
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What do Standard Precautions apply to?
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Blood, all body fluids, non-intact skin and mucous membranes.
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What are the seven Standard Precautions that should be used?
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Handwashing, gloves, masks, eye protection & face shields, gowns, patient care equipment handling, occupational health & bloodborne pathogens, and patient placement.
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Expanded Precautions are also known as?
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Transmission Based Precautions.
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There are three types of transmission based precautions. What are they?
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Airborne precautions, droplet precautions and contact precautions.
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How do you reduce the risk of Airborne Infections?
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By placing the patient in an isolation room and wear proper respiratory protection.
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What are the steps to proper handwashing?
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Thorough wetting of hands, washing around wrist and forearms, scrubbing palms, and washing between digits on back of hand.
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What should be used when washing your hands?
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Either plain or antiseptic-containing soap and water and/or the use of alcohol-based products.
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How long should you wash your hands for?
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At least 15 seconds.
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Which is preferred, soap & water or alcohol-based products and why?
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Alcohol-based products, because of their superior microbicidal activity, the reduced drying of the skin and the conveinence.
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Among respiratory equipment, what has the greatest potential to to spread infections?
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Large Volume Nebulizers.
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What are the two key sources for patient data?
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Medical record and physical examination.
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The process of interviewing and examining the patient for signs and symptoms of disease and the effects of treatment is called?
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The Bedside Assessment.
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Bluish discoloration of the skin?
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Cyanosis.
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Mucus from the tracheobronchial tree?
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Phlegm.
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Discontinuous abnormal breath sounds?
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Crackles.
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Prefix for Rapid?
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Tachy.
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__________emphysema is air under the skin?
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Subcutaneous.
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Look for distended veins here?
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Neck.
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Mucus that comes out of the mouth?
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Sputum.
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Medical term for slow?
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Brady.
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Extra, or abnormal sounds?
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Adventitious.
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The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure is called?
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Pulse Pressure.
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LOC stands for?
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Level of Consciousness.
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Designed to expel mucus?
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Cough.
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When you go back and forth between the diaphragm & accessory muscles what occurs?
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Respiratory alternans.
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You have this if your breathing is labored when you lie down?
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Orthopnea.
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Auscultation reveals what?
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Breath sound.
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Body temperature below 32 degrees Celsius or 89.6 degrees Fahrenheit is considered?
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Hypothermia.
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Staying at least 2-4 feet away from a patient in an interview is called what?
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Giving the patient personal space.
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Sweaty stuff?
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Diaphoresis.
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______Pressure is when the heart contracts?
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Systolic.
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Dys, ortho, hypo, tachy, are all prefixes that go along with this one lung suffix, what is it?
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Pnea.
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When the diapragm is tired and the belly sinks in with each breath, this is called?
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Abdominal Paradox.
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Abdominal voice sounds heard over consolidation?
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Bronchophony.
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Slow respiratory rate is called?
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Bradypnea.
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Chest shape associated with air trapping?
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Barrel Chest.
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High pitched continuous upper airway sound is called?
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Stridor.
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The patient's perception of difficult breathing is called?
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Dyspnea.
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Foul smelling sputum?
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Fetid.
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Another name for fainting?
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Syncope.
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Heart rate below 60 is considered?
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Bradycardia.
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Sputum that contains pus is called?
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Purulent.
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Patern of end-stage muscle fatigue is called?
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Alternans.
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Pulse rate, respiratory rate, temperature, and blood pressure are all considered to be?
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Vital Signs.
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Rapid breathing pattern is called?
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Tachypnea.
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Coughing up blood or blood-streaked sputum from the lungs is called?
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Hemoptysis.
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Primary organ for gas exchange?
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Lung.
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Fever is also known as?
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Febrile.
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Dyspnea happens because SOB exists when WOB increases or the drive to breathe is excessive. What is SOB and WOB stand for?
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Short of Breath and Work of Breathing.
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Most common symptom seen in patients with pulmonary disease is called?
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Cough.
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Clear and thick sputum is called?
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Mucoid.
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White, yellow, green, brown and red all pertain to what?
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Sputum color.
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Vomiting blood from the GI tract is called?
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Hematemesis.
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What is the term for the lung not being sensitive to pain?
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Lung Parenchyma.
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Associated with inflammation of the plueral lining?
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Plueritic Pain.
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What is considered not affected by breathing and is a dull ache or pressure type pain?
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Nonplueritic pain.
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Swelling in the lower extremities is called?
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Pedal Edema.
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Inspection, Palpation, Percussion and Auscultation are all part of what?
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Physical Examination.
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Facial expression, level of distress or anxiety, positioning and personal hygiene are all part of what?
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General Appearance.
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Confused, delirious, lethargic, obtunded, stuporous and comatose are all part of what?
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Levels of Consciousness.
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What is manifested by tachycardia or tachypnea, and increases O2 consumption, metabolic rate and CO2 production?
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Fever.
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